SPRING: INTEGRATING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS BY OBJECT-ORIENTED DATA MODELLING

SPRING: INTEGRATING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS BY OBJECT-ORIENTED DATA MODELLING

| GILBERTO CÂMARA, RICARDO CARTAXO MODESTO SOUZA, UBIRAJARA MOURA FREITAS, JUAN GARRIDO, FERNANDO MITSUO II
The paper presents SPRING, a software system developed by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) to integrate remote sensing and GIS technologies for monitoring natural and human resources. SPRING is designed to handle large volumes of data without being limited by tiling schemes, scale, or projection. It supports both raster and vector data, enabling image processing, digital terrain modeling, spatial analysis, and database queries. The system is scalable, operating from desktop PCs to high-performance UNIX workstations, and provides a user-friendly yet powerful environment with menu-driven applications and a spatial algebra language. SPRING's core is an object-oriented data model that combines the concepts of "fields" and "objects." It includes a query and manipulation language called LEGAL, which supports spatial queries, transformations between geo-fields and geo-objects, and various spatial operations. The model also includes a conceptual level for defining abstract data types and an implementation level for representing them in different formats, such as vector and raster. The system supports multiple cartographic projections and includes facilities for data management, projection conversion, and raster and vector mosaicking. It enables data entry through digitizing and editing vector maps, creating digital terrain models, and geocoding remote sensing images. SPRING also includes image processing tools for contrast enhancement, spatial filtering, radiometric correction, and segmentation classifiers. It supports geographical analysis, digital terrain modeling, map composition, and plotting with a WYSIWYG interface. SPRING is being developed by INPE in collaboration with EMBRAPA and IBM, and has been used for various environmental applications, including deforestation monitoring. The system has a large codebase and extensive documentation, with ongoing development and support from a team of researchers and developers. The paper concludes with acknowledgments of the contributions of various individuals and organizations to the SPRING project.The paper presents SPRING, a software system developed by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) to integrate remote sensing and GIS technologies for monitoring natural and human resources. SPRING is designed to handle large volumes of data without being limited by tiling schemes, scale, or projection. It supports both raster and vector data, enabling image processing, digital terrain modeling, spatial analysis, and database queries. The system is scalable, operating from desktop PCs to high-performance UNIX workstations, and provides a user-friendly yet powerful environment with menu-driven applications and a spatial algebra language. SPRING's core is an object-oriented data model that combines the concepts of "fields" and "objects." It includes a query and manipulation language called LEGAL, which supports spatial queries, transformations between geo-fields and geo-objects, and various spatial operations. The model also includes a conceptual level for defining abstract data types and an implementation level for representing them in different formats, such as vector and raster. The system supports multiple cartographic projections and includes facilities for data management, projection conversion, and raster and vector mosaicking. It enables data entry through digitizing and editing vector maps, creating digital terrain models, and geocoding remote sensing images. SPRING also includes image processing tools for contrast enhancement, spatial filtering, radiometric correction, and segmentation classifiers. It supports geographical analysis, digital terrain modeling, map composition, and plotting with a WYSIWYG interface. SPRING is being developed by INPE in collaboration with EMBRAPA and IBM, and has been used for various environmental applications, including deforestation monitoring. The system has a large codebase and extensive documentation, with ongoing development and support from a team of researchers and developers. The paper concludes with acknowledgments of the contributions of various individuals and organizations to the SPRING project.
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