The cornea, a dynamic and responsive tissue, interacts with mechanical forces to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency, and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces, which regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir, providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. This review provides an overview of mechanotransduction signaling pathways and recent advances in corneal mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. Species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics are also discussed to facilitate the selection of appropriate animal models for studying corneal wound healing, disease, and therapeutic interventions. Key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology, particularly in limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus, and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy, are identified. By deepening our understanding of corneal mechanobiology, we can better contextualize discoveries and develop innovative treatments for corneal diseases.The cornea, a dynamic and responsive tissue, interacts with mechanical forces to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency, and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces, which regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir, providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. This review provides an overview of mechanotransduction signaling pathways and recent advances in corneal mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. Species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics are also discussed to facilitate the selection of appropriate animal models for studying corneal wound healing, disease, and therapeutic interventions. Key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology, particularly in limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus, and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy, are identified. By deepening our understanding of corneal mechanobiology, we can better contextualize discoveries and develop innovative treatments for corneal diseases.