Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms: transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry

Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms: transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry

2024 | Mengda Song, Qi Tang, Yakun Ding, Peng Tan, Yucheng Zhang, Tao Wang, Chenlong Zhou, Shenrui Xu, Mengwei Lyu, Yueyu Bai, Xi Ma
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen in animal husbandry that causes diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, and arthritis. Biofilm formation by S. aureus poses a significant threat by enabling the bacteria to adhere to surfaces and persist in the host, leading to health crises and safety issues in livestock products. This review discusses the transmission, threats, and potential strategies for controlling S. aureus and its biofilms in animal husbandry. S. aureus spreads through direct contact, food chains, and processing chains, and can contaminate meat and dairy products. Biofilms increase antibiotic resistance and complicate treatment. Strategies to combat S. aureus include antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These approaches offer safer, more effective alternatives to traditional antibiotics, reducing the spread of S. aureus and improving livestock health and productivity. Antimicrobial peptides can directly kill bacteria, inhibit adhesion, and disrupt biofilm formation. Plant extracts have antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, while nanoparticles like silver and copper nanoparticles show potent antibacterial activity. Phages, which are natural viruses that infect bacteria, can effectively kill S. aureus and its biofilms. However, phage therapy faces challenges such as biofilm resistance and the need for further research. Overall, these strategies provide promising solutions for managing S. aureus in animal husbandry, ensuring the safety of livestock products and the sustainability of the industry.Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen in animal husbandry that causes diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, and arthritis. Biofilm formation by S. aureus poses a significant threat by enabling the bacteria to adhere to surfaces and persist in the host, leading to health crises and safety issues in livestock products. This review discusses the transmission, threats, and potential strategies for controlling S. aureus and its biofilms in animal husbandry. S. aureus spreads through direct contact, food chains, and processing chains, and can contaminate meat and dairy products. Biofilms increase antibiotic resistance and complicate treatment. Strategies to combat S. aureus include antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These approaches offer safer, more effective alternatives to traditional antibiotics, reducing the spread of S. aureus and improving livestock health and productivity. Antimicrobial peptides can directly kill bacteria, inhibit adhesion, and disrupt biofilm formation. Plant extracts have antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, while nanoparticles like silver and copper nanoparticles show potent antibacterial activity. Phages, which are natural viruses that infect bacteria, can effectively kill S. aureus and its biofilms. However, phage therapy faces challenges such as biofilm resistance and the need for further research. Overall, these strategies provide promising solutions for managing S. aureus in animal husbandry, ensuring the safety of livestock products and the sustainability of the industry.
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