The paper "State-of-the-art in Product Service-Systems" by Baines et al. provides a comprehensive review of the literature on Product Service-Systems (PSS), aiming to define the concept, explore its origins, features, applications, benefits, barriers, and future research challenges. PSS is an integrated combination of products and services, emphasizing service-led competitive strategies, environmental sustainability, and differentiation from traditional product-only offerings. The concept originated in Northern Europe in the late 1990s and has since been studied by academics from environmental and social sciences. Key findings include: 1. **Definition**: PSS is an integrated offering that delivers value in use, decoupling economic success from material consumption. 2. **Evolution**: PSS has evolved from traditional product sales to a more integrated approach, with a focus on asset performance and utilization. 3. **Features**: PSS involves a shift from product thinking to system thinking, requiring early customer involvement and organizational changes. 4. **Applications**: PSS applications are diverse, ranging from ecologically grown vegetables to leasing and sharing models. 5. **Benefits**: PSS offers economic, environmental, and social benefits, including higher-value offerings, reduced waste, and enhanced sustainability. 6. **Barriers**: Main barriers include cultural shifts, pricing concerns, and organizational changes required for PSS adoption. 7. **Design**: Effective PSS design requires systemic thinking and early customer involvement. 8. **Tools and Methodologies**: Various tools and methodologies exist but lack critical evaluation and practical application. 9. **Future Research**: In-depth research is needed to develop models, methods, and theories, with a focus on assessing value and organizational transitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the potential of PSS for manufacturers, particularly in the UK, and outlines key research questions for future studies.The paper "State-of-the-art in Product Service-Systems" by Baines et al. provides a comprehensive review of the literature on Product Service-Systems (PSS), aiming to define the concept, explore its origins, features, applications, benefits, barriers, and future research challenges. PSS is an integrated combination of products and services, emphasizing service-led competitive strategies, environmental sustainability, and differentiation from traditional product-only offerings. The concept originated in Northern Europe in the late 1990s and has since been studied by academics from environmental and social sciences. Key findings include: 1. **Definition**: PSS is an integrated offering that delivers value in use, decoupling economic success from material consumption. 2. **Evolution**: PSS has evolved from traditional product sales to a more integrated approach, with a focus on asset performance and utilization. 3. **Features**: PSS involves a shift from product thinking to system thinking, requiring early customer involvement and organizational changes. 4. **Applications**: PSS applications are diverse, ranging from ecologically grown vegetables to leasing and sharing models. 5. **Benefits**: PSS offers economic, environmental, and social benefits, including higher-value offerings, reduced waste, and enhanced sustainability. 6. **Barriers**: Main barriers include cultural shifts, pricing concerns, and organizational changes required for PSS adoption. 7. **Design**: Effective PSS design requires systemic thinking and early customer involvement. 8. **Tools and Methodologies**: Various tools and methodologies exist but lack critical evaluation and practical application. 9. **Future Research**: In-depth research is needed to develop models, methods, and theories, with a focus on assessing value and organizational transitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the potential of PSS for manufacturers, particularly in the UK, and outlines key research questions for future studies.