The paper provides an updated overview of the status of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants worldwide as of 2023, based on the CSP-GURU database. CSP, which converts sunlight into thermal energy, is particularly relevant for energy storage due to its lower costs compared to electricity storage. The paper highlights the evolution of installed capacities, upcoming projects, and technological trends, including the development of storage capacities and operating temperatures. It also discusses investment costs, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), specific land requirements, and overall efficiency. Key findings include:
1. **Global Deployment**: As of 2023, the total CSP capacity in operation exceeded 7 GW, with Spain, the United States, and China leading the market. New projects are emerging in China and the UAE, focusing on central tower and beam-down technologies, respectively.
2. **Technology Repartition**: Parabolic trough technology is the most deployed (73%), followed by towers (25%) and Fresnel (4%). Dishes are not currently operational.
3. **Storage Capacity**: CSP plants with storage capacities have increased significantly, with the Gemasolar plant in Spain demonstrating round-the-clock operation with 15 hours of storage. The Atacama I project in Chile achieved the highest storage capacity of 17.5 hours.
4. **Operating Temperatures**: Central tower plants using molten salts can reach temperatures up to 570°C, while Fresnel plants typically operate below 300°C and trough plants around 400°C.
5. **Investment Costs**: The lowest investment cost reported is for a hybrid PV + CSP plant in China, with a value of 2635 USD/kWh for a non-hybrid solar tower plant.
6. **Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)**: LCOE has declined from over 0.7 USD/kWh in 1985 to below 0.1 USD/kWh in recent years, with the lowest value reported for a solar tower plant in China at 0.08 USD/kWh.
7. **Land Requirements**: Fresnel technology uses the land surface most efficiently, followed by trough and tower technologies.
8. **Overall Efficiency**: Solar towers and troughs have the highest overall efficiency, with median values of 15%.
The paper concludes by discussing future perspectives, including the potential for further technological advancements, the importance of policy support, and the role of CSP in meeting long-term energy goals.The paper provides an updated overview of the status of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants worldwide as of 2023, based on the CSP-GURU database. CSP, which converts sunlight into thermal energy, is particularly relevant for energy storage due to its lower costs compared to electricity storage. The paper highlights the evolution of installed capacities, upcoming projects, and technological trends, including the development of storage capacities and operating temperatures. It also discusses investment costs, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), specific land requirements, and overall efficiency. Key findings include:
1. **Global Deployment**: As of 2023, the total CSP capacity in operation exceeded 7 GW, with Spain, the United States, and China leading the market. New projects are emerging in China and the UAE, focusing on central tower and beam-down technologies, respectively.
2. **Technology Repartition**: Parabolic trough technology is the most deployed (73%), followed by towers (25%) and Fresnel (4%). Dishes are not currently operational.
3. **Storage Capacity**: CSP plants with storage capacities have increased significantly, with the Gemasolar plant in Spain demonstrating round-the-clock operation with 15 hours of storage. The Atacama I project in Chile achieved the highest storage capacity of 17.5 hours.
4. **Operating Temperatures**: Central tower plants using molten salts can reach temperatures up to 570°C, while Fresnel plants typically operate below 300°C and trough plants around 400°C.
5. **Investment Costs**: The lowest investment cost reported is for a hybrid PV + CSP plant in China, with a value of 2635 USD/kWh for a non-hybrid solar tower plant.
6. **Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)**: LCOE has declined from over 0.7 USD/kWh in 1985 to below 0.1 USD/kWh in recent years, with the lowest value reported for a solar tower plant in China at 0.08 USD/kWh.
7. **Land Requirements**: Fresnel technology uses the land surface most efficiently, followed by trough and tower technologies.
8. **Overall Efficiency**: Solar towers and troughs have the highest overall efficiency, with median values of 15%.
The paper concludes by discussing future perspectives, including the potential for further technological advancements, the importance of policy support, and the role of CSP in meeting long-term energy goals.