The article "Strategies for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Biofilms" by Grooters et al. (2024) reviews the formation, structure, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms, and explores emerging non-antibiotic strategies for biofilm control. Biofilms are complex, three-dimensional communities of microorganisms that form protective matrices, making them resistant to antibiotics and challenging to treat. The authors highlight the significant impact of biofilms on human health, with over 500,000 deaths annually in the United States alone, and the rising incidence of biofilm-associated infections. They discuss the challenges in achieving effective antibiotic penetration through biofilm barriers and the role of environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and nutrient availability in biofilm formation and resistance. The article also reviews current management strategies, including antimicrobial therapies, surgical debridement, and alternative treatments like quaternary ammonium compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and bacteriophage therapy. Finally, it explores novel strategies such as light-based therapies, immunotherapy, and genetically engineered phages, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical investigation to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance in biofilms.The article "Strategies for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Biofilms" by Grooters et al. (2024) reviews the formation, structure, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms, and explores emerging non-antibiotic strategies for biofilm control. Biofilms are complex, three-dimensional communities of microorganisms that form protective matrices, making them resistant to antibiotics and challenging to treat. The authors highlight the significant impact of biofilms on human health, with over 500,000 deaths annually in the United States alone, and the rising incidence of biofilm-associated infections. They discuss the challenges in achieving effective antibiotic penetration through biofilm barriers and the role of environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and nutrient availability in biofilm formation and resistance. The article also reviews current management strategies, including antimicrobial therapies, surgical debridement, and alternative treatments like quaternary ammonium compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and bacteriophage therapy. Finally, it explores novel strategies such as light-based therapies, immunotherapy, and genetically engineered phages, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical investigation to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance in biofilms.