This review article explores the benefits of biochar application in enhancing crop growth and soil resistance to environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal pollution. Biochar, an eco-friendly material derived from biomass pyrolysis, has been extensively studied for its potential to improve soil quality and crop yield. The review integrates over 100 peer-reviewed articles to explain how biochar promotes crop growth by enhancing soil resistance to stress. Key properties of biochar, such as its porous structure, alkaline nature, enriched surface functional groups, and nutrient content, contribute to improved soil physicochemical properties, increased nutrient cycling, and boosted microbial growth. Biochar's ability to optimize nutrient absorption, alleviate soil pollutants, and enhance overall crop productivity is emphasized. The study also discusses the challenges and future prospects of sustainable and economical biochar implementation in extreme soil conditions. The review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the widespread and cost-effective use of biochar to improve soil health and food security.This review article explores the benefits of biochar application in enhancing crop growth and soil resistance to environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal pollution. Biochar, an eco-friendly material derived from biomass pyrolysis, has been extensively studied for its potential to improve soil quality and crop yield. The review integrates over 100 peer-reviewed articles to explain how biochar promotes crop growth by enhancing soil resistance to stress. Key properties of biochar, such as its porous structure, alkaline nature, enriched surface functional groups, and nutrient content, contribute to improved soil physicochemical properties, increased nutrient cycling, and boosted microbial growth. Biochar's ability to optimize nutrient absorption, alleviate soil pollutants, and enhance overall crop productivity is emphasized. The study also discusses the challenges and future prospects of sustainable and economical biochar implementation in extreme soil conditions. The review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the widespread and cost-effective use of biochar to improve soil health and food security.