This paper addresses the security and privacy issues in RFID systems, proposing a strong authentication method using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a cryptographic primitive. The authors present an authentication protocol that allows an RFID tag to be authenticated to a reader device, ensuring consumer tracking, tag forgery, and unauthorized access to the tag's memory content are mitigated. They introduce a novel low-power and low-die-size implementation of AES, which encrypts a 128-bit block of data within 1000 clock cycles and consumes less than 9 μA on a 0.35 μm CMOS process. The paper also discusses the design of the RFID tag architecture, including the analog frontend, digital controller, EEPROM, and AES module, and provides a detailed analysis of the AES module's components and their complexity. The results show that the proposed AES implementation meets the stringent requirements for low power consumption and small die size, making it suitable for RFID tags. The authors conclude by outlining future research directions, including the exploration of advanced authentication protocols and the suitability of other authentication methods for RFID systems.This paper addresses the security and privacy issues in RFID systems, proposing a strong authentication method using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a cryptographic primitive. The authors present an authentication protocol that allows an RFID tag to be authenticated to a reader device, ensuring consumer tracking, tag forgery, and unauthorized access to the tag's memory content are mitigated. They introduce a novel low-power and low-die-size implementation of AES, which encrypts a 128-bit block of data within 1000 clock cycles and consumes less than 9 μA on a 0.35 μm CMOS process. The paper also discusses the design of the RFID tag architecture, including the analog frontend, digital controller, EEPROM, and AES module, and provides a detailed analysis of the AES module's components and their complexity. The results show that the proposed AES implementation meets the stringent requirements for low power consumption and small die size, making it suitable for RFID tags. The authors conclude by outlining future research directions, including the exploration of advanced authentication protocols and the suitability of other authentication methods for RFID systems.