Carbon dots (CDs) are promising nanomaterials with unique properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, and good optical properties. They have been explored for various applications in agriculture, including promoting plant growth, enhancing disease resistance, improving stress tolerance, and facilitating targeted delivery of nutrients and genetic material. CDs are synthesized through various methods, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, and their properties can be tailored by controlling size, surface functionalization, crystallinity, and heteroatom doping. CDs exhibit excellent biocompatibility and can be used as efficient nanocomposites for disease resistance in crops like rice. They also serve as sensors for detecting pesticides and other environmental pollutants, with high sensitivity and selectivity. CDs can be used for targeted delivery of genetic material, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), into plant cells, enhancing genetic modification efficiency. CDs have shown potential in reducing abiotic stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adsorbing toxic metals. Their applications in agriculture are still in the early stages, and further research is needed to fully explore their potential for sustainable and efficient farming practices.Carbon dots (CDs) are promising nanomaterials with unique properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, and good optical properties. They have been explored for various applications in agriculture, including promoting plant growth, enhancing disease resistance, improving stress tolerance, and facilitating targeted delivery of nutrients and genetic material. CDs are synthesized through various methods, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, and their properties can be tailored by controlling size, surface functionalization, crystallinity, and heteroatom doping. CDs exhibit excellent biocompatibility and can be used as efficient nanocomposites for disease resistance in crops like rice. They also serve as sensors for detecting pesticides and other environmental pollutants, with high sensitivity and selectivity. CDs can be used for targeted delivery of genetic material, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), into plant cells, enhancing genetic modification efficiency. CDs have shown potential in reducing abiotic stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adsorbing toxic metals. Their applications in agriculture are still in the early stages, and further research is needed to fully explore their potential for sustainable and efficient farming practices.