This paper discusses a shift in medical education from focusing on cross-cultural understandings of individual patients to addressing the broader social and economic forces that influence health outcomes. The authors propose a new concept called "structural competency," which includes five core competencies: recognizing the structures that shape clinical interactions, developing an extra-clinical language of structure, rearticulating "cultural" formulations in structural terms, observing and imagining structural interventions, and developing structural humility. The paper argues that medical education should better couple recognition of social and economic forces with medical models for structural change to address stigma and health inequalities. Examples of structural health scholarship and interventions are provided to illustrate how these competencies can be integrated into medical curricula and clinical training. The authors emphasize the importance of recognizing the limitations of structural competency and the need for humility in addressing complex social issues.This paper discusses a shift in medical education from focusing on cross-cultural understandings of individual patients to addressing the broader social and economic forces that influence health outcomes. The authors propose a new concept called "structural competency," which includes five core competencies: recognizing the structures that shape clinical interactions, developing an extra-clinical language of structure, rearticulating "cultural" formulations in structural terms, observing and imagining structural interventions, and developing structural humility. The paper argues that medical education should better couple recognition of social and economic forces with medical models for structural change to address stigma and health inequalities. Examples of structural health scholarship and interventions are provided to illustrate how these competencies can be integrated into medical curricula and clinical training. The authors emphasize the importance of recognizing the limitations of structural competency and the need for humility in addressing complex social issues.