The article "Study of Nuclear Structure by Electromagnetic Excitation with Accelerated Ions" by K. Alder, A. Bohr, T. Huus, B. Motelson, and A. Winther discusses the use of electromagnetic excitation to study nuclear structure using accelerated ions. The authors begin by introducing the concept of Coulomb excitation, where nuclear excitations are produced by the long-range electric interactions between incident particles and the nucleus. They highlight the importance of this method for studying low-lying collective excitations, which are induced by the electric quadrupole field of the incident particles. The article then delves into the theoretical framework of Coulomb excitation, including classical and quantum mechanical treatments. The classical theory is used to describe the trajectory of the incident particle in the Coulomb field of the nucleus, while the quantum mechanical treatment accounts for the time-dependent electromagnetic field acting on the nucleus. The excitation cross sections and angular distributions of emitted nuclear radiation are derived and presented in tables and figures. The experimental techniques employed in Coulomb excitation measurements are discussed, including the detection of de-excitation gamma rays, conversion electrons, and inelastically scattered projectiles. The authors also address background effects and the compilation of experimental results, comparing them with theoretical predictions. Finally, the article outlines the theory of collective nuclear excitations, which helps interpret many of the observed transitions. The authors acknowledge the contributions of experimental and theoretical physicists who have worked on Coulomb excitation and provided valuable insights. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive review of the theory and experimental aspects of Coulomb excitation, emphasizing its significance in the study of nuclear structure.The article "Study of Nuclear Structure by Electromagnetic Excitation with Accelerated Ions" by K. Alder, A. Bohr, T. Huus, B. Motelson, and A. Winther discusses the use of electromagnetic excitation to study nuclear structure using accelerated ions. The authors begin by introducing the concept of Coulomb excitation, where nuclear excitations are produced by the long-range electric interactions between incident particles and the nucleus. They highlight the importance of this method for studying low-lying collective excitations, which are induced by the electric quadrupole field of the incident particles. The article then delves into the theoretical framework of Coulomb excitation, including classical and quantum mechanical treatments. The classical theory is used to describe the trajectory of the incident particle in the Coulomb field of the nucleus, while the quantum mechanical treatment accounts for the time-dependent electromagnetic field acting on the nucleus. The excitation cross sections and angular distributions of emitted nuclear radiation are derived and presented in tables and figures. The experimental techniques employed in Coulomb excitation measurements are discussed, including the detection of de-excitation gamma rays, conversion electrons, and inelastically scattered projectiles. The authors also address background effects and the compilation of experimental results, comparing them with theoretical predictions. Finally, the article outlines the theory of collective nuclear excitations, which helps interpret many of the observed transitions. The authors acknowledge the contributions of experimental and theoretical physicists who have worked on Coulomb excitation and provided valuable insights. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive review of the theory and experimental aspects of Coulomb excitation, emphasizing its significance in the study of nuclear structure.