This review article explores the potential of plant protein sources as substitutes for fishmeal (FM) in aquaculture to address the sustainability and economic challenges associated with FM. FM, known for its high protein content, excellent amino acid profile, and absence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), is a major source of protein in aquaculture. However, its natural availability is limited, leading to unsustainable practices and increased prices. The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of various plant protein sources, including soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, rapeseed meal, canola meal, peanut meal, guar meal, sunflower meal, Moringa oleifera meal, almond meal, black cumin seed meal, lupin meal, rice, and distiller's grains. These plant proteins offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative due to their widespread availability and low cost. However, they often contain ANFs, deficiencies in certain amino acids, low nutrient bioavailability, and poor digestibility, which can negatively impact fish growth and health. To mitigate these issues, the article discusses various methods such as enzymatic pretreatments, solvent extraction, heat treatments, and fermentation. These methods can enhance the nutritional value and digestibility of plant proteins. The review also assesses the effects of plant products on fish growth performance, body composition, flesh quality, metabolic activities, and immune response. Functional additives like citric acid, phytase, and probiotics are suggested to improve the nutritional value of plant-based diets. Overall, the article concludes that the substitution of fishmeal with plant protein sources is a viable and practical option for sustainable aquaculture feed production, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize the use of these alternatives.This review article explores the potential of plant protein sources as substitutes for fishmeal (FM) in aquaculture to address the sustainability and economic challenges associated with FM. FM, known for its high protein content, excellent amino acid profile, and absence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), is a major source of protein in aquaculture. However, its natural availability is limited, leading to unsustainable practices and increased prices. The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of various plant protein sources, including soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, rapeseed meal, canola meal, peanut meal, guar meal, sunflower meal, Moringa oleifera meal, almond meal, black cumin seed meal, lupin meal, rice, and distiller's grains. These plant proteins offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative due to their widespread availability and low cost. However, they often contain ANFs, deficiencies in certain amino acids, low nutrient bioavailability, and poor digestibility, which can negatively impact fish growth and health. To mitigate these issues, the article discusses various methods such as enzymatic pretreatments, solvent extraction, heat treatments, and fermentation. These methods can enhance the nutritional value and digestibility of plant proteins. The review also assesses the effects of plant products on fish growth performance, body composition, flesh quality, metabolic activities, and immune response. Functional additives like citric acid, phytase, and probiotics are suggested to improve the nutritional value of plant-based diets. Overall, the article concludes that the substitution of fishmeal with plant protein sources is a viable and practical option for sustainable aquaculture feed production, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize the use of these alternatives.