Supplementary materials for "Sugar coordinates plant defense signaling" include figures S1 to S12 and Table S1. Figure S1 shows that sugar treatments activate defense-related gene expression, with heat maps and qRT-PCR data illustrating changes in gene expression. Figure S2 describes the establishment of hxk1 hxk2 mutants, including T-DNA insertion, RT-PCR analysis, and growth data. Figure S3 demonstrates that 2DG treatment induces defense signaling, with qRT-PCR and SA quantification data. Figure S4 details the establishment of stp1 stp4 stp13 mutants via CRISPR-Cas9, including genomic structure, deletion, and 2DG influx activity. Figure S5 shows that CPK5/6 regulate camalexin and SA synthesis, with qRT-PCR and SA quantification data. Figure S6 illustrates that glucose-6-phosphate suppresses clade A PP2C activity, leading to increased CPK5 phosphorylation, with immunoblot and protein interaction data. Figure S7 shows that hexokinase and sugar transporters contribute to flg22-triggered signaling, with metabolite quantification and qRT-PCR data. Figure S8 indicates that sugar transporters also contribute to elf18-triggered signaling, with 2DG influx activity and qRT-PCR data. Figure S9 describes the establishment of stp1/4/13/cpk5/6 plants, with growth and qRT-PCR data. Figure S10 shows that enhanced SA synthesis reduces susceptibility to pathogens in cpk5/6 plants, with SA quantification and bacterial growth data. Figure S11 presents defense-related gene expression patterns in response to chitin, with qRT-PCR data. Figure S12 shows that CERK1 does not phosphorylate the T485 residue of STP13, with qRT-PCR and immunoblot data. Table S1 lists primers used in the study. All experiments were repeated at least three times, with statistically significant differences determined using ANOVA or t-tests.Supplementary materials for "Sugar coordinates plant defense signaling" include figures S1 to S12 and Table S1. Figure S1 shows that sugar treatments activate defense-related gene expression, with heat maps and qRT-PCR data illustrating changes in gene expression. Figure S2 describes the establishment of hxk1 hxk2 mutants, including T-DNA insertion, RT-PCR analysis, and growth data. Figure S3 demonstrates that 2DG treatment induces defense signaling, with qRT-PCR and SA quantification data. Figure S4 details the establishment of stp1 stp4 stp13 mutants via CRISPR-Cas9, including genomic structure, deletion, and 2DG influx activity. Figure S5 shows that CPK5/6 regulate camalexin and SA synthesis, with qRT-PCR and SA quantification data. Figure S6 illustrates that glucose-6-phosphate suppresses clade A PP2C activity, leading to increased CPK5 phosphorylation, with immunoblot and protein interaction data. Figure S7 shows that hexokinase and sugar transporters contribute to flg22-triggered signaling, with metabolite quantification and qRT-PCR data. Figure S8 indicates that sugar transporters also contribute to elf18-triggered signaling, with 2DG influx activity and qRT-PCR data. Figure S9 describes the establishment of stp1/4/13/cpk5/6 plants, with growth and qRT-PCR data. Figure S10 shows that enhanced SA synthesis reduces susceptibility to pathogens in cpk5/6 plants, with SA quantification and bacterial growth data. Figure S11 presents defense-related gene expression patterns in response to chitin, with qRT-PCR data. Figure S12 shows that CERK1 does not phosphorylate the T485 residue of STP13, with qRT-PCR and immunoblot data. Table S1 lists primers used in the study. All experiments were repeated at least three times, with statistically significant differences determined using ANOVA or t-tests.