Sugarcane bagasse, a byproduct of sugar and ethanol production, is a significant source of lignocellulosic biomass with potential applications in waste recycling, biofuels, and environmental remediation. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the utilization of sugarcane bagasse in various industrial processes. The paper highlights the potential of sugarcane bagasse for energy generation, biofuel production, and the synthesis of biochar, nanocellulose, and other materials. It also addresses the challenges in the production of biofuels, including the high energy costs of pyrolysis and the need for improved quality control in pellet production. The review emphasizes the importance of sugarcane bagasse in reducing environmental impact and increasing industry revenue through its diverse applications in energy, construction, and environmental remediation. The paper also discusses the potential of sugarcane bagasse as a biosorbent for heavy metals and dyes, and the challenges in its functionalization and modification to enhance its adsorption properties. The review concludes that further research is needed to optimize the use of sugarcane bagasse in various industrial processes and to address the challenges in its application. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the utilization of sugarcane bagasse and its potential for future applications in the bioeconomy.Sugarcane bagasse, a byproduct of sugar and ethanol production, is a significant source of lignocellulosic biomass with potential applications in waste recycling, biofuels, and environmental remediation. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the utilization of sugarcane bagasse in various industrial processes. The paper highlights the potential of sugarcane bagasse for energy generation, biofuel production, and the synthesis of biochar, nanocellulose, and other materials. It also addresses the challenges in the production of biofuels, including the high energy costs of pyrolysis and the need for improved quality control in pellet production. The review emphasizes the importance of sugarcane bagasse in reducing environmental impact and increasing industry revenue through its diverse applications in energy, construction, and environmental remediation. The paper also discusses the potential of sugarcane bagasse as a biosorbent for heavy metals and dyes, and the challenges in its functionalization and modification to enhance its adsorption properties. The review concludes that further research is needed to optimize the use of sugarcane bagasse in various industrial processes and to address the challenges in its application. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the utilization of sugarcane bagasse and its potential for future applications in the bioeconomy.