The paper discusses the relationship between string theory on $AdS_5 \times X_5$ and a $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric gauge theory, focusing on the case where $X_5 = (SU(2) \times SU(2))/U(1)$, known as the conifold singularity. The authors argue that string theory on $AdS_5 \times X_5$ can be described by a $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric gauge theory with specific properties. They provide a detailed construction of this gauge theory, which involves a $U(N) \times U(N)$ gauge group and chiral fields transforming in the representations $(\mathbf{N}, \overline{\mathbf{N}})$ and $(\overline{\mathbf{N}}, \mathbf{N})$. The superpotential for this theory is identified as a marginal perturbation that preserves the $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetry. The paper also explores the symmetries of the theory, including the R-symmetry and discrete symmetries, and compares these to the symmetries of the conifold geometry. Additionally, the authors discuss the counting of moduli and provide a comparison to an orbifold theory, showing that the blowup of the $\mathbf{S}^5 / \mathbf{Z}_2$ singularity in Type IIB theory can flow to the $T^{1,1}$ model associated with the conifold.The paper discusses the relationship between string theory on $AdS_5 \times X_5$ and a $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric gauge theory, focusing on the case where $X_5 = (SU(2) \times SU(2))/U(1)$, known as the conifold singularity. The authors argue that string theory on $AdS_5 \times X_5$ can be described by a $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric gauge theory with specific properties. They provide a detailed construction of this gauge theory, which involves a $U(N) \times U(N)$ gauge group and chiral fields transforming in the representations $(\mathbf{N}, \overline{\mathbf{N}})$ and $(\overline{\mathbf{N}}, \mathbf{N})$. The superpotential for this theory is identified as a marginal perturbation that preserves the $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetry. The paper also explores the symmetries of the theory, including the R-symmetry and discrete symmetries, and compares these to the symmetries of the conifold geometry. Additionally, the authors discuss the counting of moduli and provide a comparison to an orbifold theory, showing that the blowup of the $\mathbf{S}^5 / \mathbf{Z}_2$ singularity in Type IIB theory can flow to the $T^{1,1}$ model associated with the conifold.