The article by Holoyak and Koh investigates the factors influencing the retrieval and use of analogies in problem-solving. Two experiments were conducted to explore these factors. Experiment 1 demonstrated that spontaneous analogical transfer can occur even with a significant delay between the presentation of the source and target analogues. Experiment 2 examined the influence of different types of similarity between the analogues, including structural and surface features. The results indicated that both structural features, which play a causal role in determining problem solutions, and salient surface features, which do not have a causal role, influence the spontaneous selection of an analogue. However, structural features have a greater impact on the problem solver's ability to use an analogue once its relevance is pointed out. The authors propose a mechanism for the retrieval of source analogues based on the summation of activation from features shared with the target problem. This mechanism allows multiple weak cues to collaborate as converging evidence, facilitating the retrieval of related situations stored in memory. The findings suggest that the ability to distinguish surface from structural features is crucial for effective analogical transfer, and that structural features are more influential in the mapping process once a source analogue is retrieved.The article by Holoyak and Koh investigates the factors influencing the retrieval and use of analogies in problem-solving. Two experiments were conducted to explore these factors. Experiment 1 demonstrated that spontaneous analogical transfer can occur even with a significant delay between the presentation of the source and target analogues. Experiment 2 examined the influence of different types of similarity between the analogues, including structural and surface features. The results indicated that both structural features, which play a causal role in determining problem solutions, and salient surface features, which do not have a causal role, influence the spontaneous selection of an analogue. However, structural features have a greater impact on the problem solver's ability to use an analogue once its relevance is pointed out. The authors propose a mechanism for the retrieval of source analogues based on the summation of activation from features shared with the target problem. This mechanism allows multiple weak cues to collaborate as converging evidence, facilitating the retrieval of related situations stored in memory. The findings suggest that the ability to distinguish surface from structural features is crucial for effective analogical transfer, and that structural features are more influential in the mapping process once a source analogue is retrieved.