The surveillance update for polio eradication in 28 priority countries from 2022 to 2023 highlights the critical role of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and environmental sewage sampling in detecting poliovirus cases. Since 1988, the number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined by over 99.9%, with serotypes 2 and 3 being declared eradicated. Serotype 1 (WPV1) remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan. No WPV1 cases have been detected outside these two countries since August 2022, following an outbreak in Malawi and Mozambique. During 2022-2023, 71.4% of priority countries met national AFP surveillance targets, and the number of environmental surveillance sites increased. However, low reported AFP cases in 2023 may reflect surveillance reporting lags, and significant national and subnational gaps persist. Maintaining high-quality surveillance is essential for achieving global polio eradication, and monitoring surveillance indicators is crucial for identifying gaps and guiding strengthening activities, especially in high-risk countries.The surveillance update for polio eradication in 28 priority countries from 2022 to 2023 highlights the critical role of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and environmental sewage sampling in detecting poliovirus cases. Since 1988, the number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined by over 99.9%, with serotypes 2 and 3 being declared eradicated. Serotype 1 (WPV1) remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan. No WPV1 cases have been detected outside these two countries since August 2022, following an outbreak in Malawi and Mozambique. During 2022-2023, 71.4% of priority countries met national AFP surveillance targets, and the number of environmental surveillance sites increased. However, low reported AFP cases in 2023 may reflect surveillance reporting lags, and significant national and subnational gaps persist. Maintaining high-quality surveillance is essential for achieving global polio eradication, and monitoring surveillance indicators is crucial for identifying gaps and guiding strengthening activities, especially in high-risk countries.