The chapter discusses the importance of human rights in ensuring sustainable development, highlighting the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the new Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030. The Agenda, adopted at the UN Summit in 2015, includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 167 objectives, aiming to guide global and national actions over the next 15 years. These goals cover a wide range of social, economic, and environmental issues, emphasizing the creation of a more peaceful, just, and inclusive society. The SDGs are based on international human rights law and aim to realize human rights for all without discrimination. Additionally, the chapter explores the classification of global natural resources for sustainable consumption, dividing human needs into biological, manufacturing, and cultural categories. It emphasizes the importance of accounting for the quantitative and qualitative properties of natural resources to ensure their sustainability and prevent ecological risks. The eco-futuristic classification of global natural resources is proposed as a tool to identify and manage eco-needs at risk of global depreciation.The chapter discusses the importance of human rights in ensuring sustainable development, highlighting the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the new Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030. The Agenda, adopted at the UN Summit in 2015, includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 167 objectives, aiming to guide global and national actions over the next 15 years. These goals cover a wide range of social, economic, and environmental issues, emphasizing the creation of a more peaceful, just, and inclusive society. The SDGs are based on international human rights law and aim to realize human rights for all without discrimination. Additionally, the chapter explores the classification of global natural resources for sustainable consumption, dividing human needs into biological, manufacturing, and cultural categories. It emphasizes the importance of accounting for the quantitative and qualitative properties of natural resources to ensure their sustainability and prevent ecological risks. The eco-futuristic classification of global natural resources is proposed as a tool to identify and manage eco-needs at risk of global depreciation.