This review discusses the integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) into power systems, emphasizing the environmental and operational benefits. It highlights the importance of battery technology, charging infrastructure, and smart charging and discharging technologies in achieving sustainable PEV integration. The review covers the latest research trends, challenges, and future directions, including: 1. **Battery Considerations**: - **Types and Structures**: Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are widely used due to their high power and energy densities, cycle life, and environmental impact. Different types of Li-ion batteries, such as LFP, NMC, and NCA, have varying characteristics. - **Health and Safety Management**: Battery health and safety are crucial for optimal performance and safety. Prognostic methods and fault diagnosis technologies are essential for monitoring battery degradation and ensuring safe operation. - **Charging Management**: Health-aware fast charging and adaptive charging are key to balancing charging speed, battery health, and temperature adaptability. 2. **Infrastructures for PEV Integration**: - **Charging Modes and Options**: Conductive charging, battery swapping, wireless charging, and mobile charging are discussed, each with its advantages and limitations. - **Charging Infrastructure Planning**: Effective planning involves maximizing charging demand coverage, improving service quality, and considering economic and convenience constraints. 3. **Grid Considerations of PEV Integration**: - **Impact on Power Grids**: Uncoordinated PEV charging can perturb load profiles and impact power quality. Smart charging technologies, such as smart destination charging and coordinated fast charging, help mitigate these issues. - **Environmental Aspects**: PEV integration can promote the adoption of renewable energy, but it must align with renewable generation to avoid increasing peak-valley differences and CO2 emissions. The review concludes by outlining remaining challenges and providing a forward-looking roadmap for sustainable PEV integration into power systems, emphasizing the need for advanced technologies and coordinated planning.This review discusses the integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) into power systems, emphasizing the environmental and operational benefits. It highlights the importance of battery technology, charging infrastructure, and smart charging and discharging technologies in achieving sustainable PEV integration. The review covers the latest research trends, challenges, and future directions, including: 1. **Battery Considerations**: - **Types and Structures**: Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are widely used due to their high power and energy densities, cycle life, and environmental impact. Different types of Li-ion batteries, such as LFP, NMC, and NCA, have varying characteristics. - **Health and Safety Management**: Battery health and safety are crucial for optimal performance and safety. Prognostic methods and fault diagnosis technologies are essential for monitoring battery degradation and ensuring safe operation. - **Charging Management**: Health-aware fast charging and adaptive charging are key to balancing charging speed, battery health, and temperature adaptability. 2. **Infrastructures for PEV Integration**: - **Charging Modes and Options**: Conductive charging, battery swapping, wireless charging, and mobile charging are discussed, each with its advantages and limitations. - **Charging Infrastructure Planning**: Effective planning involves maximizing charging demand coverage, improving service quality, and considering economic and convenience constraints. 3. **Grid Considerations of PEV Integration**: - **Impact on Power Grids**: Uncoordinated PEV charging can perturb load profiles and impact power quality. Smart charging technologies, such as smart destination charging and coordinated fast charging, help mitigate these issues. - **Environmental Aspects**: PEV integration can promote the adoption of renewable energy, but it must align with renewable generation to avoid increasing peak-valley differences and CO2 emissions. The review concludes by outlining remaining challenges and providing a forward-looking roadmap for sustainable PEV integration into power systems, emphasizing the need for advanced technologies and coordinated planning.