G. 't Hooft discusses the symmetry breaking in models of fermions coupled to gauge fields, where Bell-Jackiw anomalies violate current conservation laws. He demonstrates that nonperturbative effects can lead to interactions that violate charge conservation, resulting in baryon and lepton number nonconservation in $V-A$ gauge theories with charm, and the nonvanishing mass squared of the $\eta$ particle. The paper starts with the solution of classical field equations in four-dimensional Euclidean gauge-field theories, leading to the concept of Euclidean-gauge solitons (EGS). These solitons are relevant for describing tunneling mechanisms in real Minkowsky space-time. The author then explores the implications of these solitons on the conservation of axial charge and the effective vertex that mimics the amplitude. The application to the Weinberg-Salam SU(2) $\otimes$ U(1) model and a color gauge theory for strong interactions is discussed, highlighting the potential for observable effects in the latter due to the small Weinberg angle.G. 't Hooft discusses the symmetry breaking in models of fermions coupled to gauge fields, where Bell-Jackiw anomalies violate current conservation laws. He demonstrates that nonperturbative effects can lead to interactions that violate charge conservation, resulting in baryon and lepton number nonconservation in $V-A$ gauge theories with charm, and the nonvanishing mass squared of the $\eta$ particle. The paper starts with the solution of classical field equations in four-dimensional Euclidean gauge-field theories, leading to the concept of Euclidean-gauge solitons (EGS). These solitons are relevant for describing tunneling mechanisms in real Minkowsky space-time. The author then explores the implications of these solitons on the conservation of axial charge and the effective vertex that mimics the amplitude. The application to the Weinberg-Salam SU(2) $\otimes$ U(1) model and a color gauge theory for strong interactions is discussed, highlighting the potential for observable effects in the latter due to the small Weinberg angle.