The integration of Industry 4.0 and automated vehicles (AVs) into smart city infrastructure is a topical issue in urbanization and technological innovation. This paper explores the synergies between these two technologies, focusing on their potential impact on transport, energy, communication, and citizen participation. The authors conduct a comprehensive literature review and case studies from cities like Singapore and Barcelona to highlight the benefits and challenges of this integration. **Key Points:** 1. **Benefits:** - **Transport Efficiency:** AVs can reduce traffic congestion, improve traffic flow, and enhance safety by eliminating human error. - **Resource Utilization:** Real-time data from AVs can optimize logistics and factory production schedules, leading to more efficient resource management. - **Sustainability:** The integration can reduce environmental impact and improve air quality in cities. 2. **Challenges:** - **Data Security and Privacy:** There are significant risks associated with the large amount of data collected by AVs, including the potential for misuse and cyber-attacks. - **Legal and Ethical Issues:** The integration raises questions about liability, data protection, and the ethical implications of autonomous vehicles. - **Infrastructure Compatibility:** Integrating AVs with existing traffic networks requires significant investment and technological innovation. 3. **Case Studies:** - **Singapore:** Known for its advanced smart infrastructure, Singapore has implemented various technologies to improve urban planning and sustainability. - **Barcelona:** This city is also a leader in smart city initiatives, focusing on data-driven solutions to enhance urban life. 4. **Future Directions:** - The authors emphasize the need for collaboration among policymakers, industry stakeholders, and urban planners to address the challenges and maximize the benefits of integrating AVs and Industry 4.0 in smart cities. The paper concludes that the integration of AVs and Industry 4.0 in smart city infrastructure offers significant potential for enhancing transportation efficiency, resource utilization, and overall urban sustainability. However, it also highlights the need for careful consideration of ethical, legal, and social issues to ensure a successful and beneficial integration.The integration of Industry 4.0 and automated vehicles (AVs) into smart city infrastructure is a topical issue in urbanization and technological innovation. This paper explores the synergies between these two technologies, focusing on their potential impact on transport, energy, communication, and citizen participation. The authors conduct a comprehensive literature review and case studies from cities like Singapore and Barcelona to highlight the benefits and challenges of this integration. **Key Points:** 1. **Benefits:** - **Transport Efficiency:** AVs can reduce traffic congestion, improve traffic flow, and enhance safety by eliminating human error. - **Resource Utilization:** Real-time data from AVs can optimize logistics and factory production schedules, leading to more efficient resource management. - **Sustainability:** The integration can reduce environmental impact and improve air quality in cities. 2. **Challenges:** - **Data Security and Privacy:** There are significant risks associated with the large amount of data collected by AVs, including the potential for misuse and cyber-attacks. - **Legal and Ethical Issues:** The integration raises questions about liability, data protection, and the ethical implications of autonomous vehicles. - **Infrastructure Compatibility:** Integrating AVs with existing traffic networks requires significant investment and technological innovation. 3. **Case Studies:** - **Singapore:** Known for its advanced smart infrastructure, Singapore has implemented various technologies to improve urban planning and sustainability. - **Barcelona:** This city is also a leader in smart city initiatives, focusing on data-driven solutions to enhance urban life. 4. **Future Directions:** - The authors emphasize the need for collaboration among policymakers, industry stakeholders, and urban planners to address the challenges and maximize the benefits of integrating AVs and Industry 4.0 in smart cities. The paper concludes that the integration of AVs and Industry 4.0 in smart city infrastructure offers significant potential for enhancing transportation efficiency, resource utilization, and overall urban sustainability. However, it also highlights the need for careful consideration of ethical, legal, and social issues to ensure a successful and beneficial integration.