TCP Vegas is a new TCP implementation that achieves 40-70% better throughput and reduces retransmissions by one-fifth to one-half compared to the Reno TCP implementation in BSD Unix. The paper describes three key techniques used in Vegas: a new retransmission mechanism, a congestion avoidance mechanism, and a modified slow-start mechanism. The new retransmission mechanism uses a more accurate RTT estimate to trigger retransmissions, reducing unnecessary retransmissions. The congestion avoidance mechanism uses the expected throughput to adjust the congestion window, maintaining an optimal amount of data in transit. The modified slow-start mechanism allows for more efficient bandwidth utilization by avoiding packet losses during congestion detection. The paper presents simulation and real-world measurements showing that Vegas performs better than Reno in terms of throughput and retransmission rates. The results indicate that Vegas does not negatively impact Reno's performance and that its congestion avoidance mechanisms effectively reduce losses. The paper also discusses the benefits of Vegas in different network conditions, including fair sharing of bandwidth among multiple connections. The study concludes that Vegas is a promising improvement over traditional TCP implementations, offering better performance and more efficient use of network resources.TCP Vegas is a new TCP implementation that achieves 40-70% better throughput and reduces retransmissions by one-fifth to one-half compared to the Reno TCP implementation in BSD Unix. The paper describes three key techniques used in Vegas: a new retransmission mechanism, a congestion avoidance mechanism, and a modified slow-start mechanism. The new retransmission mechanism uses a more accurate RTT estimate to trigger retransmissions, reducing unnecessary retransmissions. The congestion avoidance mechanism uses the expected throughput to adjust the congestion window, maintaining an optimal amount of data in transit. The modified slow-start mechanism allows for more efficient bandwidth utilization by avoiding packet losses during congestion detection. The paper presents simulation and real-world measurements showing that Vegas performs better than Reno in terms of throughput and retransmission rates. The results indicate that Vegas does not negatively impact Reno's performance and that its congestion avoidance mechanisms effectively reduce losses. The paper also discusses the benefits of Vegas in different network conditions, including fair sharing of bandwidth among multiple connections. The study concludes that Vegas is a promising improvement over traditional TCP implementations, offering better performance and more efficient use of network resources.