The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor

The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor

| Charles Meegan, Giselher Lichti, P. N. Bhat, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Michael S. Briggs, Valerie Connaughton, Roland Diehl, Gerald Fishman, Jochen Greiner, Andrew S. Hoover, Alexander J. van der Horst, Andreas von Kienlin, R. Marc Kippen, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Sheila McBreen, W. S. Paciesas, Robert Preece, Helmut Steinkle, Mark S. Wallace, Robert B. Wilson, Colleen Wilson-Hodge
The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) is a key instrument on the Fermi Observatory, designed to enhance the study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) by extending the energy range of observations from the LAT to the hard X-ray range. GBM uses twelve sodium iodide (NaI) and two bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillators to detect gamma rays from 8 keV to 40 MeV. It provides on-board burst location data to reorient the spacecraft for LAT observations of delayed emission. GBM generates triggers for approximately 250 GRBs per year and includes software for real-time burst localization and data transmission. The GBM hardware includes a Data Processing Unit (DPU) and various detectors, with NaI detectors measuring low-energy spectra and BGO detectors covering higher energies. The detectors are equipped with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and front-end electronics to convert scintillation light into electronic signals. The DPU processes signals, controls voltages, and formats data for transmission. GBM produces three types of science data: CTIME, CSPEC, and TTE. The CTIME data provide 8-channel pulse height resolution, while CSPEC data offer 128-channel resolution. TTE data include individually digitized pulse height events during bursts. GBM's performance includes high-rate capabilities, background analysis, and Automatic Gain Control (AGC) to maintain detector sensitivity. The GBM has been operational since 2008, with a trigger threshold of 0.7 photons cm⁻² s⁻¹, and has detected over 400 triggers between 2008 and 2009. The GBM is a collaboration involving multiple institutions and is used for a wide range of scientific studies, including GRB localization, spacecraft reorientations, and data analysis. The GBM's data products include raw telemetry, Level 0, Level 1, and other processed data for scientific analysis. The instrument's performance is validated through simulations and calibration measurements, ensuring accurate and reliable data for GRB studies.The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) is a key instrument on the Fermi Observatory, designed to enhance the study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) by extending the energy range of observations from the LAT to the hard X-ray range. GBM uses twelve sodium iodide (NaI) and two bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillators to detect gamma rays from 8 keV to 40 MeV. It provides on-board burst location data to reorient the spacecraft for LAT observations of delayed emission. GBM generates triggers for approximately 250 GRBs per year and includes software for real-time burst localization and data transmission. The GBM hardware includes a Data Processing Unit (DPU) and various detectors, with NaI detectors measuring low-energy spectra and BGO detectors covering higher energies. The detectors are equipped with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and front-end electronics to convert scintillation light into electronic signals. The DPU processes signals, controls voltages, and formats data for transmission. GBM produces three types of science data: CTIME, CSPEC, and TTE. The CTIME data provide 8-channel pulse height resolution, while CSPEC data offer 128-channel resolution. TTE data include individually digitized pulse height events during bursts. GBM's performance includes high-rate capabilities, background analysis, and Automatic Gain Control (AGC) to maintain detector sensitivity. The GBM has been operational since 2008, with a trigger threshold of 0.7 photons cm⁻² s⁻¹, and has detected over 400 triggers between 2008 and 2009. The GBM is a collaboration involving multiple institutions and is used for a wide range of scientific studies, including GRB localization, spacecraft reorientations, and data analysis. The GBM's data products include raw telemetry, Level 0, Level 1, and other processed data for scientific analysis. The instrument's performance is validated through simulations and calibration measurements, ensuring accurate and reliable data for GRB studies.
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