The problem of speech genres involves understanding the diverse ways language is used in various human activities. Speech genres are types of utterances that are shaped by the specific nature of the communication context, including their thematic content, linguistic style, and compositional structure. These genres are not only varied but also extremely heterogeneous, ranging from everyday dialogue to complex literary and scientific works. The challenge lies in defining the general nature of utterances and speech genres, which is complicated by their diversity and the difficulty in finding a common level of analysis. Speech genres can be divided into primary (simple) and secondary (complex) types. Primary genres are found in direct, unmediated communication, while secondary genres are more complex and developed, often found in written forms such as novels, scientific texts, and commentaries. Secondary genres absorb and transform primary genres, altering their original context and purpose. This distinction is crucial for understanding the nature of utterances and their relationship to language, ideology, and worldview. The study of speech genres is essential for various areas of linguistics and philology, as it helps in understanding the nature of language units such as words and sentences. The relationship between style and genre is fundamental, as styles are closely tied to specific genres and their functions. Language styles, or functional styles, are essentially generic styles for particular spheres of communication. Each sphere has its own genres that correspond to its specific conditions, and these genres have their own stylistic characteristics. The study of speech genres also has implications for the understanding of language styles and their historical development. Changes in language styles are closely linked to changes in speech genres. The nature of utterances and speech genres is crucial for understanding the dynamics of language and communication. The utterance is a real unit of speech communication, distinct from language units like words and sentences. It is characterized by its boundaries, determined by changes in speaking subjects, and by its finalization, which allows for a responsive reaction from the listener. The utterance is a complex and dynamic unit that is essential for understanding the nature of language and communication. It is not only a unit of language but also a unit of speech communication, with its own specific characteristics and functions. The study of speech genres is therefore fundamental for a comprehensive understanding of language and its use in various contexts.The problem of speech genres involves understanding the diverse ways language is used in various human activities. Speech genres are types of utterances that are shaped by the specific nature of the communication context, including their thematic content, linguistic style, and compositional structure. These genres are not only varied but also extremely heterogeneous, ranging from everyday dialogue to complex literary and scientific works. The challenge lies in defining the general nature of utterances and speech genres, which is complicated by their diversity and the difficulty in finding a common level of analysis. Speech genres can be divided into primary (simple) and secondary (complex) types. Primary genres are found in direct, unmediated communication, while secondary genres are more complex and developed, often found in written forms such as novels, scientific texts, and commentaries. Secondary genres absorb and transform primary genres, altering their original context and purpose. This distinction is crucial for understanding the nature of utterances and their relationship to language, ideology, and worldview. The study of speech genres is essential for various areas of linguistics and philology, as it helps in understanding the nature of language units such as words and sentences. The relationship between style and genre is fundamental, as styles are closely tied to specific genres and their functions. Language styles, or functional styles, are essentially generic styles for particular spheres of communication. Each sphere has its own genres that correspond to its specific conditions, and these genres have their own stylistic characteristics. The study of speech genres also has implications for the understanding of language styles and their historical development. Changes in language styles are closely linked to changes in speech genres. The nature of utterances and speech genres is crucial for understanding the dynamics of language and communication. The utterance is a real unit of speech communication, distinct from language units like words and sentences. It is characterized by its boundaries, determined by changes in speaking subjects, and by its finalization, which allows for a responsive reaction from the listener. The utterance is a complex and dynamic unit that is essential for understanding the nature of language and communication. It is not only a unit of language but also a unit of speech communication, with its own specific characteristics and functions. The study of speech genres is therefore fundamental for a comprehensive understanding of language and its use in various contexts.