This paper examines the structure of environmental concern, focusing on three types of concerns: egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric. Four studies are conducted to test a three-factor model of environmental concern. The first study uses confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a sample of 1010 U.S. college students, while the second study applies CFA to a telephone survey of 1005 U.S. respondents. The third study explores the relationships between these environmental concerns, existing measures of environmental attitudes, empathy, and social-value orientation. The final study conducts a multi-group CFA among college students from ten countries, examining the factor structure of environmental concerns. The results provide strong evidence for the distinction between egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric environmental concerns, supporting Stern and Dietz's value-basis theory. The studies also reveal that these concerns are related to different values, with egoistic concerns positively correlated with self-enhancement and negatively with self-transcendence, while biospheric concerns are negatively correlated with self-enhancement and positively with self-transcendence. Additionally, the findings suggest that the perceived interconnectedness between self and nature influences environmental concern.This paper examines the structure of environmental concern, focusing on three types of concerns: egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric. Four studies are conducted to test a three-factor model of environmental concern. The first study uses confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a sample of 1010 U.S. college students, while the second study applies CFA to a telephone survey of 1005 U.S. respondents. The third study explores the relationships between these environmental concerns, existing measures of environmental attitudes, empathy, and social-value orientation. The final study conducts a multi-group CFA among college students from ten countries, examining the factor structure of environmental concerns. The results provide strong evidence for the distinction between egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric environmental concerns, supporting Stern and Dietz's value-basis theory. The studies also reveal that these concerns are related to different values, with egoistic concerns positively correlated with self-enhancement and negatively with self-transcendence, while biospheric concerns are negatively correlated with self-enhancement and positively with self-transcendence. Additionally, the findings suggest that the perceived interconnectedness between self and nature influences environmental concern.