The article reviews the emerging roles of TRIM family proteins in innate immunity, focusing on their antiviral and antimicrobial activities. TRIM proteins, characterized by a conserved RBCC motif, play a crucial role in the regulation of pathogen recognition and transcriptional pathways. They are induced by type I and type II interferons (IFNs) and are involved in various biological processes, including genetic disorders, neurological disorders, and cancers. The review highlights the structural and functional aspects of TRIM proteins, such as the RING domain, B-box domains, and coiled-coil domain, and their interactions with viral components and signaling pathways. The authors discuss the recent findings on the antiviral activities of TRIM proteins, particularly in restricting HIV infection and the induction of IFN signaling. They also explore the role of TRIM proteins in PRR signaling pathways, including the ubiquitylation of RIG-I and negative regulation of TLR signaling. The article concludes by emphasizing the versatility and complexity of TRIM proteins in innate and adaptive immunity and their potential in developing strategies to combat infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, and autoimmune disorders.The article reviews the emerging roles of TRIM family proteins in innate immunity, focusing on their antiviral and antimicrobial activities. TRIM proteins, characterized by a conserved RBCC motif, play a crucial role in the regulation of pathogen recognition and transcriptional pathways. They are induced by type I and type II interferons (IFNs) and are involved in various biological processes, including genetic disorders, neurological disorders, and cancers. The review highlights the structural and functional aspects of TRIM proteins, such as the RING domain, B-box domains, and coiled-coil domain, and their interactions with viral components and signaling pathways. The authors discuss the recent findings on the antiviral activities of TRIM proteins, particularly in restricting HIV infection and the induction of IFN signaling. They also explore the role of TRIM proteins in PRR signaling pathways, including the ubiquitylation of RIG-I and negative regulation of TLR signaling. The article concludes by emphasizing the versatility and complexity of TRIM proteins in innate and adaptive immunity and their potential in developing strategies to combat infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, and autoimmune disorders.