T cell metabolism plays a crucial role in immune function, with metabolic pathways and metabolites regulating T cell signaling, differentiation, and function. This review summarizes the latest findings on T cell metabolism, highlighting the integration of metabolic reprogramming with cellular signaling and gene regulation. T cells undergo significant metabolic changes during development and activation, with metabolic pathways such as aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial function being essential for T cell survival, proliferation, and effector functions. Metabolic reprogramming is controlled by key signaling pathways, including mTOR, AMPK, and PI3K, which regulate nutrient uptake, energy production, and cell fate decisions. The balance between metabolic pathways is critical for T cell homeostasis, with distinct metabolic programs supporting the differentiation of T helper cells into various lineages, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and T reg cells. Metabolic changes also influence memory T cell development and function, with memory T cells relying on fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial function for long-term survival and rapid recall responses. Additionally, amino acid and lipid metabolism are essential for T cell activation, proliferation, and function, with specific transporters and enzymes playing key roles in nutrient uptake and metabolic reprogramming. The interplay between metabolism and gene regulation is increasingly recognized, with posttranslational modifications and epigenetic changes playing important roles in T cell function. Overall, T cell metabolism is a dynamic process that is tightly regulated by environmental signals and metabolic pathways, ensuring the proper function and survival of T cells in the immune system.T cell metabolism plays a crucial role in immune function, with metabolic pathways and metabolites regulating T cell signaling, differentiation, and function. This review summarizes the latest findings on T cell metabolism, highlighting the integration of metabolic reprogramming with cellular signaling and gene regulation. T cells undergo significant metabolic changes during development and activation, with metabolic pathways such as aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial function being essential for T cell survival, proliferation, and effector functions. Metabolic reprogramming is controlled by key signaling pathways, including mTOR, AMPK, and PI3K, which regulate nutrient uptake, energy production, and cell fate decisions. The balance between metabolic pathways is critical for T cell homeostasis, with distinct metabolic programs supporting the differentiation of T helper cells into various lineages, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and T reg cells. Metabolic changes also influence memory T cell development and function, with memory T cells relying on fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial function for long-term survival and rapid recall responses. Additionally, amino acid and lipid metabolism are essential for T cell activation, proliferation, and function, with specific transporters and enzymes playing key roles in nutrient uptake and metabolic reprogramming. The interplay between metabolism and gene regulation is increasingly recognized, with posttranslational modifications and epigenetic changes playing important roles in T cell function. Overall, T cell metabolism is a dynamic process that is tightly regulated by environmental signals and metabolic pathways, ensuring the proper function and survival of T cells in the immune system.