The article "Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery: Overview of the Current Applications and Challenges" by Matthew S. Gatto, McNeely P. Johnson, and Wided Najahi-Missaoui provides an in-depth review of liposomal drug delivery systems. Liposomes, spherical vesicles composed of a phospholipid bilayer, have emerged as a leading nanoparticle for targeted drug delivery due to their low immunogenicity, versatility, and documented efficacy. The review highlights the importance of liposomal drug delivery in reducing off-target toxicity and enhancing overall efficacy, particularly in treating diseases like cancer. Key strategies for liposomal drug delivery include passive targeting and active targeting. Passive targeting leverages physiological conditions such as the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) effect, where liposomes accumulate in tumor tissues due to leaky vasculature and ineffective lymphatic drainage. PEGylation, a technique that coats liposomes with polyethylene glycol, further enhances their circulation time and reduces clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Active targeting involves conjugating specific ligands, receptors, or small molecules to the liposome surface to enhance specificity. Antibodies, peptides, folate, and aptamers are commonly used ligands. Antibody-conjugated liposomes, while showing promise, have not yet demonstrated significant clinical advantages over conventional liposomes. Peptide-conjugated liposomes have shown promising results in preclinical studies but face challenges in accurate quantification and aggregation. Folate-conjugated liposomes target overexpressed folate receptors in tumors but have underwhelming pharmacokinetics and drug unloading efficiency. Aptamer-functionalized liposomes, which use aptamers identified through SELEX, show potential but require further research. The article also discusses pH-sensitive and temperature-sensitive liposomes, which release drugs in response to specific environmental conditions. pH-sensitive liposomes are useful for cancer treatment, while temperature-sensitive liposomes can be triggered by external heat sources like high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Despite the progress, challenges remain, including long-term stability issues, regulatory hurdles, and the need for better understanding of biological systems. The authors conclude that while many targeted liposomal products are in clinical trials, further research and optimization are necessary to overcome these challenges and realize their full therapeutic potential.The article "Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery: Overview of the Current Applications and Challenges" by Matthew S. Gatto, McNeely P. Johnson, and Wided Najahi-Missaoui provides an in-depth review of liposomal drug delivery systems. Liposomes, spherical vesicles composed of a phospholipid bilayer, have emerged as a leading nanoparticle for targeted drug delivery due to their low immunogenicity, versatility, and documented efficacy. The review highlights the importance of liposomal drug delivery in reducing off-target toxicity and enhancing overall efficacy, particularly in treating diseases like cancer. Key strategies for liposomal drug delivery include passive targeting and active targeting. Passive targeting leverages physiological conditions such as the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) effect, where liposomes accumulate in tumor tissues due to leaky vasculature and ineffective lymphatic drainage. PEGylation, a technique that coats liposomes with polyethylene glycol, further enhances their circulation time and reduces clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Active targeting involves conjugating specific ligands, receptors, or small molecules to the liposome surface to enhance specificity. Antibodies, peptides, folate, and aptamers are commonly used ligands. Antibody-conjugated liposomes, while showing promise, have not yet demonstrated significant clinical advantages over conventional liposomes. Peptide-conjugated liposomes have shown promising results in preclinical studies but face challenges in accurate quantification and aggregation. Folate-conjugated liposomes target overexpressed folate receptors in tumors but have underwhelming pharmacokinetics and drug unloading efficiency. Aptamer-functionalized liposomes, which use aptamers identified through SELEX, show potential but require further research. The article also discusses pH-sensitive and temperature-sensitive liposomes, which release drugs in response to specific environmental conditions. pH-sensitive liposomes are useful for cancer treatment, while temperature-sensitive liposomes can be triggered by external heat sources like high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Despite the progress, challenges remain, including long-term stability issues, regulatory hurdles, and the need for better understanding of biological systems. The authors conclude that while many targeted liposomal products are in clinical trials, further research and optimization are necessary to overcome these challenges and realize their full therapeutic potential.