Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, accounting for 90% of pancreatic malignancies. Its aggressive nature, high metastatic potential, and drug resistance pose significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions by creating novel drug delivery systems for existing anticancer drugs like gemcitabine and paclitaxel. These systems enhance drug solubility, circulation time, tumor targeting, and controlled release, minimizing side effects. Nanoparticles also show potential in precise diagnostic methods, such as liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs), proteomics, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and non-coding RNAs. Advanced techniques like CRISPR, artificial intelligence (AI), and light-based diagnostics further enhance diagnostic accuracy. Treatment options for PDAC include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Nanoparticle-based delivery systems can improve the efficacy of these treatments by targeting specific markers and enhancing drug accumulation at tumor sites. The integration of genomic and pathomic analysis, along with radiomics, provides personalized treatment plans. The review highlights the significant advances in nanomedicine and its role in overcoming the limitations of conventional PDAC therapies and diagnostics.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, accounting for 90% of pancreatic malignancies. Its aggressive nature, high metastatic potential, and drug resistance pose significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions by creating novel drug delivery systems for existing anticancer drugs like gemcitabine and paclitaxel. These systems enhance drug solubility, circulation time, tumor targeting, and controlled release, minimizing side effects. Nanoparticles also show potential in precise diagnostic methods, such as liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs), proteomics, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and non-coding RNAs. Advanced techniques like CRISPR, artificial intelligence (AI), and light-based diagnostics further enhance diagnostic accuracy. Treatment options for PDAC include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Nanoparticle-based delivery systems can improve the efficacy of these treatments by targeting specific markers and enhancing drug accumulation at tumor sites. The integration of genomic and pathomic analysis, along with radiomics, provides personalized treatment plans. The review highlights the significant advances in nanomedicine and its role in overcoming the limitations of conventional PDAC therapies and diagnostics.