The article discusses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, a critical regulator of cell growth, survival, and metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. This pathway is highly interconnected and plays a crucial role in cancer development, as tumors exist in a stressful environment that activates this pathway. The pathway is regulated by various upstream signals, including growth factors and nutrients, and involves key proteins such as PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Mutations in genes involved in this pathway are common in many cancers, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and resistance to therapy. The article reviews the structure and function of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, highlighting their roles in cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism. It also discusses the development of mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its analogs, which have shown promise in treating various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these inhibitors in improving progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced cancers. The article also explores the role of PTEN, a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the development of PI3K and Akt inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. However, resistance to these inhibitors remains a challenge, with various mechanisms, including secondary mutations and alternative signaling pathways, contributing to resistance. The article concludes that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a promising target for cancer therapy, but further research is needed to improve the selectivity and potency of inhibitors and to overcome resistance mechanisms. The development of novel agents targeting this pathway holds promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes.The article discusses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, a critical regulator of cell growth, survival, and metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. This pathway is highly interconnected and plays a crucial role in cancer development, as tumors exist in a stressful environment that activates this pathway. The pathway is regulated by various upstream signals, including growth factors and nutrients, and involves key proteins such as PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Mutations in genes involved in this pathway are common in many cancers, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and resistance to therapy. The article reviews the structure and function of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, highlighting their roles in cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism. It also discusses the development of mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its analogs, which have shown promise in treating various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these inhibitors in improving progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced cancers. The article also explores the role of PTEN, a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the development of PI3K and Akt inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. However, resistance to these inhibitors remains a challenge, with various mechanisms, including secondary mutations and alternative signaling pathways, contributing to resistance. The article concludes that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a promising target for cancer therapy, but further research is needed to improve the selectivity and potency of inhibitors and to overcome resistance mechanisms. The development of novel agents targeting this pathway holds promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes.