Targeting pathological cells with senolytic drugs reduces seizures in neurodevelopmental mTOR-related epilepsy

Targeting pathological cells with senolytic drugs reduces seizures in neurodevelopmental mTOR-related epilepsy

6 May 2024 | Théo Ribierre, Alexandre Bacq, Florian Donneger, Marion Doladilhe, Marina Maletic, Delphine Roussel, Isabelle Le Roux, Francine Chassoux, Bertrand Devaux, Homa Adle-Biassette, Sarah Ferrand-Sorbets, Georg Dorfmüller, Mathilde Chipaux, Sara Baldassari, Jean-Christophe Poncer, Stéphanie Baulac
This study investigates the role of cellular senescence in focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII), a common cause of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy. FCDII is characterized by somatic mosaicism due to post-zygotic mutations in genes of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, leading to the formation of dysmorphic neurons (DNs) and balloon cells (BCs). The authors found a correlation between epileptiform activity in acute cortical slices from human FCDII brain tissues and the density of dysmorphic neurons. These pathological cells exhibited multiple signatures of cellular senescence, including p53/p16 expression, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβGal) activity. Administration of senolytic drugs (dasatinib/quercetin) reduced the load of senescent cells and decreased seizure frequency in an *Mto1*^*D2215F*^ FCDII preclinical mouse model, providing evidence that senotherapy may be a promising approach to control seizures in FCDII. These findings suggest that selectively targeting mutated senescent cells in FCDII brain tissue could be a therapeutic strategy.This study investigates the role of cellular senescence in focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII), a common cause of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy. FCDII is characterized by somatic mosaicism due to post-zygotic mutations in genes of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, leading to the formation of dysmorphic neurons (DNs) and balloon cells (BCs). The authors found a correlation between epileptiform activity in acute cortical slices from human FCDII brain tissues and the density of dysmorphic neurons. These pathological cells exhibited multiple signatures of cellular senescence, including p53/p16 expression, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβGal) activity. Administration of senolytic drugs (dasatinib/quercetin) reduced the load of senescent cells and decreased seizure frequency in an *Mto1*^*D2215F*^ FCDII preclinical mouse model, providing evidence that senotherapy may be a promising approach to control seizures in FCDII. These findings suggest that selectively targeting mutated senescent cells in FCDII brain tissue could be a therapeutic strategy.
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[slides and audio] Targeting pathological cells with senolytic drugs reduces seizures in neurodevelopmental mTOR-related epilepsy