The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is hyperactivated in many types of cancer, often associated with poor clinical outcomes. This pathway drives tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness, and metastasis while suppressing antitumor immune responses. Therapies targeting this pathway, including antibodies against IL-6 and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), JAK inhibitors, and STAT3 inhibitors, are under active investigation for their potential to inhibit tumor growth and enhance antitumor immunity. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown promising results, particularly in combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The development of novel inhibitors and the identification of predictive biomarkers are crucial for optimizing the use of these agents in cancer treatment.The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is hyperactivated in many types of cancer, often associated with poor clinical outcomes. This pathway drives tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness, and metastasis while suppressing antitumor immune responses. Therapies targeting this pathway, including antibodies against IL-6 and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), JAK inhibitors, and STAT3 inhibitors, are under active investigation for their potential to inhibit tumor growth and enhance antitumor immunity. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown promising results, particularly in combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The development of novel inhibitors and the identification of predictive biomarkers are crucial for optimizing the use of these agents in cancer treatment.