This review discusses the challenges in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and explores the potential of nanocarriers in targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). TNBC, which accounts for about 20% of all breast cancers, is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), making it resistant to conventional therapies. BCSCs, which are responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and treatment resistance, are a key focus of research. Targeting BCSCs is challenging due to off-target effects, low solubility, and bioavailability of anti-BCSC agents. Nanoparticle-based therapies offer a promising approach to target molecular pathways and cellular processes involved in BCSC survival. The review highlights various nanocarrier-based approaches for targeting BCSCs in TNBC, aiming to overcome these challenges and improve treatment outcomes. These include polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanocarriers, and inorganic nanoparticles. The review also discusses various therapeutic strategies, including molecular targeted therapies, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and gene therapy. The potential of nanomedicine in delivering targeted therapies to BCSCs while minimizing systemic toxicity and enhancing treatment efficacy is emphasized. The review concludes that further research is needed to validate and optimize these strategies for potential clinical use in TNBC treatment.This review discusses the challenges in treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and explores the potential of nanocarriers in targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). TNBC, which accounts for about 20% of all breast cancers, is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), making it resistant to conventional therapies. BCSCs, which are responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and treatment resistance, are a key focus of research. Targeting BCSCs is challenging due to off-target effects, low solubility, and bioavailability of anti-BCSC agents. Nanoparticle-based therapies offer a promising approach to target molecular pathways and cellular processes involved in BCSC survival. The review highlights various nanocarrier-based approaches for targeting BCSCs in TNBC, aiming to overcome these challenges and improve treatment outcomes. These include polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanocarriers, and inorganic nanoparticles. The review also discusses various therapeutic strategies, including molecular targeted therapies, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and gene therapy. The potential of nanomedicine in delivering targeted therapies to BCSCs while minimizing systemic toxicity and enhancing treatment efficacy is emphasized. The review concludes that further research is needed to validate and optimize these strategies for potential clinical use in TNBC treatment.