This article proposes a systematic approach for examining the underlying assumptions, expectations, and knowledge that people have about technology, which are referred to as technological frames. These frames are central to understanding technological development, use, and change in organizations. The authors argue that differences in technological frames among key groups in organizations, such as managers, technologists, and users, can lead to difficulties and conflicts in the development, use, and change of technology. They use findings from an empirical study to illustrate how the nature, value, and use of a groupware technology were interpreted by various organizational stakeholders, resulting in outcomes that deviated from those expected. The authors suggest that technological frames offer an interesting and useful analytic perspective for explaining and anticipating actions and meanings that are not easily obtained with other theoretical lenses. The concept of frames is rooted in social cognitive research, which suggests that people act on the basis of their interpretations of the world. Frames of reference held by organizational members are implicit guidelines that serve to organize and shape their interpretations of events and organizational phenomena. The authors extend this concept to technological frames, which focus on aspects of shared cognitive structures that concern technology. They suggest that different groups within an organization may have different technological frames, and introduce the notion of congruence to describe the nature and extent of differences among frames. The authors argue that by examining these taken-for-granted notions, we can gain much insight into how technologies are developed, used, and changed. They propose a conceptual framework for examining the interpretations that people develop around technology, which should be useful for researchers studying the role of technology in organizations, as well as for practitioners managing the implementation of technological change. The authors discuss the concept of frames, their role in shaping individuals' interpretations of organizational phenomena, and their implications for technology development, implementation, and use. They also discuss the sharing of frames among organizational members and the differences between technological frames of different groups, such as technologists and users. The authors present findings from an empirical study that analyzed the implementation and early use of a new information technology, revealing significant differences in the technological frames of two primary groups—technologists and users. These differences in frames provide an explanation for the difficulties and unanticipated outcomes associated with the technology implementation. The authors conclude by discussing the power of the technological frames concept in research and practice.This article proposes a systematic approach for examining the underlying assumptions, expectations, and knowledge that people have about technology, which are referred to as technological frames. These frames are central to understanding technological development, use, and change in organizations. The authors argue that differences in technological frames among key groups in organizations, such as managers, technologists, and users, can lead to difficulties and conflicts in the development, use, and change of technology. They use findings from an empirical study to illustrate how the nature, value, and use of a groupware technology were interpreted by various organizational stakeholders, resulting in outcomes that deviated from those expected. The authors suggest that technological frames offer an interesting and useful analytic perspective for explaining and anticipating actions and meanings that are not easily obtained with other theoretical lenses. The concept of frames is rooted in social cognitive research, which suggests that people act on the basis of their interpretations of the world. Frames of reference held by organizational members are implicit guidelines that serve to organize and shape their interpretations of events and organizational phenomena. The authors extend this concept to technological frames, which focus on aspects of shared cognitive structures that concern technology. They suggest that different groups within an organization may have different technological frames, and introduce the notion of congruence to describe the nature and extent of differences among frames. The authors argue that by examining these taken-for-granted notions, we can gain much insight into how technologies are developed, used, and changed. They propose a conceptual framework for examining the interpretations that people develop around technology, which should be useful for researchers studying the role of technology in organizations, as well as for practitioners managing the implementation of technological change. The authors discuss the concept of frames, their role in shaping individuals' interpretations of organizational phenomena, and their implications for technology development, implementation, and use. They also discuss the sharing of frames among organizational members and the differences between technological frames of different groups, such as technologists and users. The authors present findings from an empirical study that analyzed the implementation and early use of a new information technology, revealing significant differences in the technological frames of two primary groups—technologists and users. These differences in frames provide an explanation for the difficulties and unanticipated outcomes associated with the technology implementation. The authors conclude by discussing the power of the technological frames concept in research and practice.