A study investigated the dynamics of cytokine storms in dengue infection and their correlation with disease severity. The research analyzed 60 hospitalized dengue patients, measuring cytokine levels and viral load over time. The findings revealed that on the third day after symptom onset, elevated levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-6, GM-CSF, MCP-1, IL-13, and IL-4, along with decreased levels of IL-12 and MIP-1β, were predictive of severe dengue in secondary infections. These cytokine profiles indicated an imbalanced immune response, which could inform clinical decision-making. Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health concern, with severe cases leading to complications such as plasma leakage, shock, and organ failure. The disease progresses through three phases: febrile, defervescence, and recovery. Severe dengue is associated with an exaggerated immune response, leading to cytokine storms. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IFN-γ contribute to vascular permeability, while anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 may suppress the immune response, exacerbating the disease. The study identified nine cytokines on day three post-symptoms that could serve as predictive biomarkers for severe dengue. These cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF, were significantly upregulated in severe cases, while MIP-1β and IL-12 were decreased. The dysregulation of these cytokines suggests a disrupted balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, which may contribute to disease severity. The study highlights the importance of temporal cytokine profiling in predicting dengue severity. By identifying key biomarkers and their optimal time for detection, clinicians can make informed decisions for the management of severe dengue infections. The findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of severe dengue and could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.A study investigated the dynamics of cytokine storms in dengue infection and their correlation with disease severity. The research analyzed 60 hospitalized dengue patients, measuring cytokine levels and viral load over time. The findings revealed that on the third day after symptom onset, elevated levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-6, GM-CSF, MCP-1, IL-13, and IL-4, along with decreased levels of IL-12 and MIP-1β, were predictive of severe dengue in secondary infections. These cytokine profiles indicated an imbalanced immune response, which could inform clinical decision-making. Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health concern, with severe cases leading to complications such as plasma leakage, shock, and organ failure. The disease progresses through three phases: febrile, defervescence, and recovery. Severe dengue is associated with an exaggerated immune response, leading to cytokine storms. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IFN-γ contribute to vascular permeability, while anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 may suppress the immune response, exacerbating the disease. The study identified nine cytokines on day three post-symptoms that could serve as predictive biomarkers for severe dengue. These cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF, were significantly upregulated in severe cases, while MIP-1β and IL-12 were decreased. The dysregulation of these cytokines suggests a disrupted balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, which may contribute to disease severity. The study highlights the importance of temporal cytokine profiling in predicting dengue severity. By identifying key biomarkers and their optimal time for detection, clinicians can make informed decisions for the management of severe dengue infections. The findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of severe dengue and could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.