This review by R. Daghrir and P. Drogui discusses the environmental impact of tetracycline antibiotics, which are widely used in veterinary medicine, human therapy, and agriculture. The authors highlight the significant presence of tetracycline antibiotics in various ecological compartments due to their extensive use and excretion from humans and animals. These antibiotics are highly persistent in aquatic environments due to their hydrophilic nature and low volatility. The review covers several key issues, including the toxicity of tetracycline antibiotics to aquatic and terrestrial organisms, their estrogenic effects, behavior in different ecological systems, and the by-products generated during water treatment. The presence of these antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which pose risks to human health. Most wastewater treatment plants are ineffective at removing tetracycline antibiotics, necessitating the development of alternative processes, such as advanced oxidation methods, to ensure their degradation and mineralization. The review also emphasizes the need for further research to address the environmental and health impacts of tetracycline antibiotics.This review by R. Daghrir and P. Drogui discusses the environmental impact of tetracycline antibiotics, which are widely used in veterinary medicine, human therapy, and agriculture. The authors highlight the significant presence of tetracycline antibiotics in various ecological compartments due to their extensive use and excretion from humans and animals. These antibiotics are highly persistent in aquatic environments due to their hydrophilic nature and low volatility. The review covers several key issues, including the toxicity of tetracycline antibiotics to aquatic and terrestrial organisms, their estrogenic effects, behavior in different ecological systems, and the by-products generated during water treatment. The presence of these antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which pose risks to human health. Most wastewater treatment plants are ineffective at removing tetracycline antibiotics, necessitating the development of alternative processes, such as advanced oxidation methods, to ensure their degradation and mineralization. The review also emphasizes the need for further research to address the environmental and health impacts of tetracycline antibiotics.