This paper provides a critical review of the characteristics and constituents of textile dye wastewater, focusing on both typical and real effluents. It discusses the environmental impact of textile industries, particularly the release of dye effluents, and the necessity of treating these effluents before discharge. The review covers the processes involved in textile manufacturing, including sizing, de-sizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing, and finishing, and the chemicals used in each step. It also evaluates various treatment methods for synthetic wastewater, including biological, chemical, and physical approaches, and the effectiveness of these methods in removing dyes and other contaminants. The paper highlights the importance of preparing synthetic wastewater to simulate real textile effluents for pilot-scale studies and the challenges in obtaining real wastewater samples. The review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current literature on textile dye wastewater, offering insights into the treatment technologies and their performance.This paper provides a critical review of the characteristics and constituents of textile dye wastewater, focusing on both typical and real effluents. It discusses the environmental impact of textile industries, particularly the release of dye effluents, and the necessity of treating these effluents before discharge. The review covers the processes involved in textile manufacturing, including sizing, de-sizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing, and finishing, and the chemicals used in each step. It also evaluates various treatment methods for synthetic wastewater, including biological, chemical, and physical approaches, and the effectiveness of these methods in removing dyes and other contaminants. The paper highlights the importance of preparing synthetic wastewater to simulate real textile effluents for pilot-scale studies and the challenges in obtaining real wastewater samples. The review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current literature on textile dye wastewater, offering insights into the treatment technologies and their performance.