The textile dyeing industry is a major environmental hazard due to the toxic chemicals used in the process. Synthetic dyes, introduced in 1856, provide a wide range of colors but are harmful to the environment. These dyes contain toxic substances like sulphur, naphthol, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, chromium compounds, and heavy metals, making the effluent highly toxic. The effluent also contains harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde-based dye fixing agents, chlorinated stain removers, and non-biodegradable dyeing chemicals. These substances react with disinfectants, forming carcinogenic by-products. The effluent increases water turbidity, affects photosynthesis, and reduces oxygen transfer, harming marine life. It also clogs soil pores, reducing soil productivity and contaminating drinking water. The textile industry uses large amounts of water, with dyeing accounting for 16% of total water consumption. The effluent is a significant source of water pollution, with 17-20% of industrial water pollution coming from textile dyeing. The industry is one of the world's worst polluters, requiring large amounts of chemicals and water. Effluent treatment methods include physical, chemical, and biological processes, but combining these methods can remove over 85% of pollutants. A study on activated carbon showed its effectiveness in removing dyes. Best practices include reducing and recycling water, promoting eco-friendly technologies like air dyeing, using oxygen-based bleaching, and alternative finishes. The industry must adopt sustainable practices to reduce pollution and protect the environment.The textile dyeing industry is a major environmental hazard due to the toxic chemicals used in the process. Synthetic dyes, introduced in 1856, provide a wide range of colors but are harmful to the environment. These dyes contain toxic substances like sulphur, naphthol, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, chromium compounds, and heavy metals, making the effluent highly toxic. The effluent also contains harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde-based dye fixing agents, chlorinated stain removers, and non-biodegradable dyeing chemicals. These substances react with disinfectants, forming carcinogenic by-products. The effluent increases water turbidity, affects photosynthesis, and reduces oxygen transfer, harming marine life. It also clogs soil pores, reducing soil productivity and contaminating drinking water. The textile industry uses large amounts of water, with dyeing accounting for 16% of total water consumption. The effluent is a significant source of water pollution, with 17-20% of industrial water pollution coming from textile dyeing. The industry is one of the world's worst polluters, requiring large amounts of chemicals and water. Effluent treatment methods include physical, chemical, and biological processes, but combining these methods can remove over 85% of pollutants. A study on activated carbon showed its effectiveness in removing dyes. Best practices include reducing and recycling water, promoting eco-friendly technologies like air dyeing, using oxygen-based bleaching, and alternative finishes. The industry must adopt sustainable practices to reduce pollution and protect the environment.