The textile dyeing industry is a major environmental hazard due to the toxic waste it generates. Synthetic dyes, introduced in 1856, have revolutionized the dyeing process by providing a wide range of colors, but their toxic nature poses serious environmental and health risks. The effluent from textile mills contains harmful substances such as sulphur, naphthal, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, chromium compounds, and heavy metals, making it highly toxic. These pollutants can contaminate water sources, affect marine life, and harm human health. The textile industry consumes vast amounts of water, with much of it ending up as polluted wastewater. This wastewater can clog soil pores, reduce soil fertility, and contaminate drinking water. The industry is one of the world's worst polluters, and efforts are being made to reduce pollution through better waste treatment and the adoption of eco-friendly practices. Effluent treatment methods include physical, chemical, and biological processes, but often require a combination to effectively remove pollutants. Activated carbon is a promising solution for dye removal, showing high efficiency in adsorbing dyes. Best practices in the industry include reducing and recycling water, promoting eco-friendly technologies like air dyeing, and using alternative materials such as organic cotton and "bast" fibers. These practices aim to minimize environmental impact while maintaining the quality and variety of textiles. The textile industry must adopt sustainable practices to reduce pollution and protect both the environment and public health.The textile dyeing industry is a major environmental hazard due to the toxic waste it generates. Synthetic dyes, introduced in 1856, have revolutionized the dyeing process by providing a wide range of colors, but their toxic nature poses serious environmental and health risks. The effluent from textile mills contains harmful substances such as sulphur, naphthal, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, chromium compounds, and heavy metals, making it highly toxic. These pollutants can contaminate water sources, affect marine life, and harm human health. The textile industry consumes vast amounts of water, with much of it ending up as polluted wastewater. This wastewater can clog soil pores, reduce soil fertility, and contaminate drinking water. The industry is one of the world's worst polluters, and efforts are being made to reduce pollution through better waste treatment and the adoption of eco-friendly practices. Effluent treatment methods include physical, chemical, and biological processes, but often require a combination to effectively remove pollutants. Activated carbon is a promising solution for dye removal, showing high efficiency in adsorbing dyes. Best practices in the industry include reducing and recycling water, promoting eco-friendly technologies like air dyeing, and using alternative materials such as organic cotton and "bast" fibers. These practices aim to minimize environmental impact while maintaining the quality and variety of textiles. The textile industry must adopt sustainable practices to reduce pollution and protect both the environment and public health.