Natural dyeing using bio-based dyes and mordants is gaining attention as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic dyes, which are harmful to health and the environment. This review discusses the classification of natural dyes, methods to improve dyeing, and the use of mordants and bio-mordants. Natural dyes are classified based on their origin (plant, animal, mineral, microbes, and waste), chemical structure (indigoid, flavonoid, tannin), color, and application (mordant dyes and direct dyes). Methods to enhance dyeing include sonication, plasma, ultraviolet, microwave, and gamma irradiation. Bio-based dyes are biodegradable, renewable, non-hazardous, and non-allergic, but they have limitations in color fastness and color range. These can be addressed by using mordants, which enhance the bonding of natural dyes to fabric, improving washing and light fastness. Mordants can be metal salts, oil mordants, or bio-mordants. While metal mordants are effective, they contain heavy metals that are harmful to the environment. Bio-mordants, being eco-friendly and efficient, are a better alternative for sustainable dyeing. Natural dyes are mainly derived from plants, with sources including roots, stems, seeds, flowers, fruits, leaves, bark, and others. Indigofera tinctoria is a plant used for indigo dye. Animal-based dyes include cochineal, lac, and kermes, while mineral-based dyes include cinnabar, malachite, and Prussian blue. Natural dyes have advantages such as being environment-friendly, biodegradable, and non-toxic, but they face challenges in color fastness and color range. This review highlights the potential of bio-mordant-assisted natural dyeing as a sustainable approach for the textile industry.Natural dyeing using bio-based dyes and mordants is gaining attention as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic dyes, which are harmful to health and the environment. This review discusses the classification of natural dyes, methods to improve dyeing, and the use of mordants and bio-mordants. Natural dyes are classified based on their origin (plant, animal, mineral, microbes, and waste), chemical structure (indigoid, flavonoid, tannin), color, and application (mordant dyes and direct dyes). Methods to enhance dyeing include sonication, plasma, ultraviolet, microwave, and gamma irradiation. Bio-based dyes are biodegradable, renewable, non-hazardous, and non-allergic, but they have limitations in color fastness and color range. These can be addressed by using mordants, which enhance the bonding of natural dyes to fabric, improving washing and light fastness. Mordants can be metal salts, oil mordants, or bio-mordants. While metal mordants are effective, they contain heavy metals that are harmful to the environment. Bio-mordants, being eco-friendly and efficient, are a better alternative for sustainable dyeing. Natural dyes are mainly derived from plants, with sources including roots, stems, seeds, flowers, fruits, leaves, bark, and others. Indigofera tinctoria is a plant used for indigo dye. Animal-based dyes include cochineal, lac, and kermes, while mineral-based dyes include cinnabar, malachite, and Prussian blue. Natural dyes have advantages such as being environment-friendly, biodegradable, and non-toxic, but they face challenges in color fastness and color range. This review highlights the potential of bio-mordant-assisted natural dyeing as a sustainable approach for the textile industry.