The article by Smith and Bear reviews recent advances and unresolved questions in the field of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity, focusing on the role of inhibitory networks. OD plasticity is a well-studied model of experience-dependent plasticity in the mammalian nervous system, where monocular deprivation (MD) can alter the strength and persistence of visual connections in the cortex. Classic work in kittens demonstrated that MD leads to a reduction in excitatory drive from the deprived eye, while more recent studies in rodents have shown that both excitatory and inhibitory inputs can be affected by MD. The authors discuss the findings of Yazaki-Sugiyama et al., who used intracellular recordings to study the effects of MD on pyramidal neurons and fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in mice. They found that FS neurons initially exhibit binocularity but shift towards the deprived eye after MD, while pyramidal neurons show a loss of contralateral bias. These findings suggest that the maintenance of OD biases in pyramidal cells relies on asymmetric inhibition, which may involve other interneuron subtypes. The review also highlights the technical considerations and limitations of the studies, such as the use of intracellular PTX infusion to block GABA$_{\text{A}}$ receptors and the choice of anesthetic. The authors conclude that while inhibitory modulation of ocular bias may contribute to OD plasticity, the relative significance of inhibitory plasticity remains uncertain. They suggest that future experiments should use advanced recording techniques to distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory neurons and to explore the role of inhibitory inputs from specific cell types in shaping OD responses.The article by Smith and Bear reviews recent advances and unresolved questions in the field of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity, focusing on the role of inhibitory networks. OD plasticity is a well-studied model of experience-dependent plasticity in the mammalian nervous system, where monocular deprivation (MD) can alter the strength and persistence of visual connections in the cortex. Classic work in kittens demonstrated that MD leads to a reduction in excitatory drive from the deprived eye, while more recent studies in rodents have shown that both excitatory and inhibitory inputs can be affected by MD. The authors discuss the findings of Yazaki-Sugiyama et al., who used intracellular recordings to study the effects of MD on pyramidal neurons and fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in mice. They found that FS neurons initially exhibit binocularity but shift towards the deprived eye after MD, while pyramidal neurons show a loss of contralateral bias. These findings suggest that the maintenance of OD biases in pyramidal cells relies on asymmetric inhibition, which may involve other interneuron subtypes. The review also highlights the technical considerations and limitations of the studies, such as the use of intracellular PTX infusion to block GABA$_{\text{A}}$ receptors and the choice of anesthetic. The authors conclude that while inhibitory modulation of ocular bias may contribute to OD plasticity, the relative significance of inhibitory plasticity remains uncertain. They suggest that future experiments should use advanced recording techniques to distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory neurons and to explore the role of inhibitory inputs from specific cell types in shaping OD responses.