The article reviews the recent advancements in understanding the molecular biology and functions of osteocytes, which are the most abundant cells in bone. Osteocytes, once considered passive placeholders, have been found to play crucial roles in bone remodeling, endocrine functions, and mineral metabolism. They regulate osteoclast and osteoblast activity, produce soluble factors that target distant organs, and control phosphate and calcium availability. Osteocytes are also involved in remodeling their perilacunar matrix and can undergo apoptosis, which is associated with conditions like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is essential for osteocyte viability and function, and osteocytes can sense mechanical loads through dendritic processes and cilia, releasing signaling molecules like nitric oxide, ATP, and prostaglandins. The article highlights the importance of preserving the health and function of osteocytes for maintaining bone homeostasis and discusses future research directions, including the discovery of new osteocyte factors for therapeutic applications.The article reviews the recent advancements in understanding the molecular biology and functions of osteocytes, which are the most abundant cells in bone. Osteocytes, once considered passive placeholders, have been found to play crucial roles in bone remodeling, endocrine functions, and mineral metabolism. They regulate osteoclast and osteoblast activity, produce soluble factors that target distant organs, and control phosphate and calcium availability. Osteocytes are also involved in remodeling their perilacunar matrix and can undergo apoptosis, which is associated with conditions like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is essential for osteocyte viability and function, and osteocytes can sense mechanical loads through dendritic processes and cilia, releasing signaling molecules like nitric oxide, ATP, and prostaglandins. The article highlights the importance of preserving the health and function of osteocytes for maintaining bone homeostasis and discusses future research directions, including the discovery of new osteocyte factors for therapeutic applications.