The article reviews the antioxidant properties of Astragali radix, a traditional Chinese medicine, and its active components. It highlights the historical and pharmacological significance of Astragali radix, emphasizing its use in treating various conditions such as Qi deficiency, edema, and inflammation. The study identifies polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids as key antioxidants in Astragali radix, detailing their content, bioavailability, and mechanisms of action. The review also discusses the molecular pathways through which these components exert their antioxidant effects, including the Keap1/Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, AMPK, and SIRT signaling pathways. Additionally, it provides insights into the clinical applications and future research directions for Astragalus-based antioxidants.The article reviews the antioxidant properties of Astragali radix, a traditional Chinese medicine, and its active components. It highlights the historical and pharmacological significance of Astragali radix, emphasizing its use in treating various conditions such as Qi deficiency, edema, and inflammation. The study identifies polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids as key antioxidants in Astragali radix, detailing their content, bioavailability, and mechanisms of action. The review also discusses the molecular pathways through which these components exert their antioxidant effects, including the Keap1/Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, AMPK, and SIRT signaling pathways. Additionally, it provides insights into the clinical applications and future research directions for Astragalus-based antioxidants.