The chapter "Spaces and Classes" in Michel Foucault's *The Birth of the Clinic* explores the historical and conceptual changes in medical perception and discourse during the eighteenth century. Foucault argues that the clinic, as a form of medical practice, marked a significant shift in how diseases were understood and treated. This shift was not merely a matter of empirical observation but a reorganization of the very structure of medical knowledge. Foucault highlights the contrast between the classificatory medicine of the eighteenth century, which focused on the categorization of diseases based on their symptoms and effects, and the more detailed and spatially oriented approach of the nineteenth century. In the eighteenth century, diseases were often defined by their symptoms and effects, such as fever, difficulty in breathing, and coughing, rather than by their underlying causes or anatomical locations. This approach was characterized by a flat, homogeneous, and non-measurable space where diseases were perceived as having a fundamental similarity and a rational order. However, as medicine evolved, the focus shifted to the spatial distribution of diseases within the body, leading to a more complex and detailed understanding of disease. This new approach was not based on a rigid anatomical model but on the dynamic and fluid nature of disease progression. Diseases could move from one organ to another, causing different symptoms and effects, yet remain fundamentally the same disease. This transformation in medical thinking was driven by the need to better understand and treat the complex and varied manifestations of disease. Foucault emphasizes that this shift in medical discourse was not a simple progression from ignorance to knowledge but a deep reorganization of the way medical knowledge was constructed and applied. The clinic, as a site of medical practice, played a crucial role in this transformation, allowing doctors to observe and describe diseases in a more nuanced and detailed manner. This new approach to medical knowledge was not just a matter of empirical observation but also a reflection of the changing relationship between doctors, patients, and the body itself.The chapter "Spaces and Classes" in Michel Foucault's *The Birth of the Clinic* explores the historical and conceptual changes in medical perception and discourse during the eighteenth century. Foucault argues that the clinic, as a form of medical practice, marked a significant shift in how diseases were understood and treated. This shift was not merely a matter of empirical observation but a reorganization of the very structure of medical knowledge. Foucault highlights the contrast between the classificatory medicine of the eighteenth century, which focused on the categorization of diseases based on their symptoms and effects, and the more detailed and spatially oriented approach of the nineteenth century. In the eighteenth century, diseases were often defined by their symptoms and effects, such as fever, difficulty in breathing, and coughing, rather than by their underlying causes or anatomical locations. This approach was characterized by a flat, homogeneous, and non-measurable space where diseases were perceived as having a fundamental similarity and a rational order. However, as medicine evolved, the focus shifted to the spatial distribution of diseases within the body, leading to a more complex and detailed understanding of disease. This new approach was not based on a rigid anatomical model but on the dynamic and fluid nature of disease progression. Diseases could move from one organ to another, causing different symptoms and effects, yet remain fundamentally the same disease. This transformation in medical thinking was driven by the need to better understand and treat the complex and varied manifestations of disease. Foucault emphasizes that this shift in medical discourse was not a simple progression from ignorance to knowledge but a deep reorganization of the way medical knowledge was constructed and applied. The clinic, as a site of medical practice, played a crucial role in this transformation, allowing doctors to observe and describe diseases in a more nuanced and detailed manner. This new approach to medical knowledge was not just a matter of empirical observation but also a reflection of the changing relationship between doctors, patients, and the body itself.