The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a comprehensive and publicly funded project aimed at understanding the genetic and genomic alterations in cancer. Launched in 2005, TCGA has catalogued and discovered major genome alterations in over 30 human tumor types through large-scale genome sequencing and integrated multi-dimensional analyses. The project involves several cooperating centers responsible for sample collection, processing, high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics data analysis. TCGA has applied various platforms, including RNA sequencing, microRNA sequencing, DNA sequencing, SNP-based platforms, and array-based DNA methylation sequencing, to generate comprehensive genomic data. This data is made available to the research community through public databases and analysis tools, facilitating advancements in cancer biology and linked technologies. TCGA has made significant contributions to the understanding of various cancers, such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, colon and rectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, endometrial carcinoma, and urothelial bladder carcinoma. These studies have identified new therapeutic targets, improved classification, and enhanced diagnostic methods. The Pan-Cancer project further integrates data across multiple cancers, providing insights into common and unique genomic alterations. The systematic advances in cancer genomics by TCGA have revealed a comprehensive picture of the molecular biology of cancer, highlighting similarities and differences in genomic architecture across various types. The project has provided a vast amount of publicly available data, offering researchers an immeasurable source of knowledge about cancer genetic and epigenetic profiles. This knowledge is crucial for developing personalized cancer medicine and improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a comprehensive and publicly funded project aimed at understanding the genetic and genomic alterations in cancer. Launched in 2005, TCGA has catalogued and discovered major genome alterations in over 30 human tumor types through large-scale genome sequencing and integrated multi-dimensional analyses. The project involves several cooperating centers responsible for sample collection, processing, high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics data analysis. TCGA has applied various platforms, including RNA sequencing, microRNA sequencing, DNA sequencing, SNP-based platforms, and array-based DNA methylation sequencing, to generate comprehensive genomic data. This data is made available to the research community through public databases and analysis tools, facilitating advancements in cancer biology and linked technologies. TCGA has made significant contributions to the understanding of various cancers, such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, colon and rectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, acute myeloid leukemia, endometrial carcinoma, and urothelial bladder carcinoma. These studies have identified new therapeutic targets, improved classification, and enhanced diagnostic methods. The Pan-Cancer project further integrates data across multiple cancers, providing insights into common and unique genomic alterations. The systematic advances in cancer genomics by TCGA have revealed a comprehensive picture of the molecular biology of cancer, highlighting similarities and differences in genomic architecture across various types. The project has provided a vast amount of publicly available data, offering researchers an immeasurable source of knowledge about cancer genetic and epigenetic profiles. This knowledge is crucial for developing personalized cancer medicine and improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.