The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary

The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary

5 March 2010 | Peter Schulte, Laia Alegret, Ignacio Arenillas, Jose A. Arz, Penny J. Barton, Paul R. Bown, Timothy J. Bralower, Gail L. Christeson, Philippe Claeys, Charles S. Cockell, Gareth S. Collins, Alexander Deutsch, Tamara J. Goldin, Kazuhisa Goto, José M. Grajales-Nishimura, Richard A. F. Grieve, Sean P. S. Gulick, Kirk R. Johnson, Wolfgang Kiessling, Christian Koeberl, David A. Kring, Kenneth G. MacLeod, Takafumi Matsui, Jay Melosh, Alessandro Montanari, Joanna V. Morgan, Clive R. Neal, Douglas J. Nichols, Richard D. Norris, Elisabetta Pierazzo, Greg Ravizza, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, Wolf Uwe Reimold, Eric Robin, Tobias Salge, Robert P. Speijer, Arthur R. Sweet, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Vivi Vajda, Michael T. Whalen, Pi S. Willumsen
The article discusses the Chicxulub asteroid impact and its role in the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event. It presents supporting materials and methods used to study the impact and its effects. The mineral composition of samples from the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) Leg 207 Site 1259C and the Brazos River K-Pg sections was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The study also examined stable isotopes and electron microprobe data to understand the impact's effects. The K-Pg boundary is defined by the base of the Danian Stage, marked by a dark clay bed known as the "K-Pg boundary clay." This boundary coincides with the mass extinction of marine plankton, ecological disruption, and perturbation of the global carbon cycle. The impact level, correlated with the Chicxulub impact, is characterized by a red clay layer with an iridium anomaly, ejecta spherules, and Ni-rich spinel. The study also analyzed the composition and age of ejecta material, which matches the target rocks within the Chicxulub crater. Shocked zircons from the ejecta deposits yield ages consistent with the Pan-African basement ages. Relict glass particles and vesicular ejecta spherules with compositions similar to Chicxulub melt rocks are present in the event deposit. Accretionary carbonate clasts and high concentrations of carbon cenospheres and soot in the red clay layer are interpreted as evidence of the impact. The absolute age of the K-Pg boundary is estimated to be around 65.95 million years ago. The study also includes detailed descriptions of various K-Pg boundary sections, such as those in NE Mexico, and provides insights into the geological and geochemical characteristics of the impact event. The analysis of the event deposit reveals evidence of the impact's effects, including the presence of shocked minerals and ejecta spherules, and the absence of major extinctions or ecological stress in the section. The study concludes that the Chicxulub impact is the primary cause of the K-Pg mass extinction.The article discusses the Chicxulub asteroid impact and its role in the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event. It presents supporting materials and methods used to study the impact and its effects. The mineral composition of samples from the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) Leg 207 Site 1259C and the Brazos River K-Pg sections was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The study also examined stable isotopes and electron microprobe data to understand the impact's effects. The K-Pg boundary is defined by the base of the Danian Stage, marked by a dark clay bed known as the "K-Pg boundary clay." This boundary coincides with the mass extinction of marine plankton, ecological disruption, and perturbation of the global carbon cycle. The impact level, correlated with the Chicxulub impact, is characterized by a red clay layer with an iridium anomaly, ejecta spherules, and Ni-rich spinel. The study also analyzed the composition and age of ejecta material, which matches the target rocks within the Chicxulub crater. Shocked zircons from the ejecta deposits yield ages consistent with the Pan-African basement ages. Relict glass particles and vesicular ejecta spherules with compositions similar to Chicxulub melt rocks are present in the event deposit. Accretionary carbonate clasts and high concentrations of carbon cenospheres and soot in the red clay layer are interpreted as evidence of the impact. The absolute age of the K-Pg boundary is estimated to be around 65.95 million years ago. The study also includes detailed descriptions of various K-Pg boundary sections, such as those in NE Mexico, and provides insights into the geological and geochemical characteristics of the impact event. The analysis of the event deposit reveals evidence of the impact's effects, including the presence of shocked minerals and ejecta spherules, and the absence of major extinctions or ecological stress in the section. The study concludes that the Chicxulub impact is the primary cause of the K-Pg mass extinction.
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Understanding The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary