The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment

The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment

4 Apr 2006 | Clifford M. Will
The article reviews the status of experimental tests of general relativity and the theoretical frameworks used to analyze them. It highlights the well-supported Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP), which includes the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and the stronger requirements of local Lorentz invariance (LLI) and local position invariance (LPI). High-precision tests of these principles have been conducted, such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of special relativity, and the gravitational redshift experiment. The article also discusses ongoing tests aimed at detecting new interactions from unification or quantum gravity. At the post-Newtonian level, tests of general relativity have reached high precision, including light deflection, Shapiro time delay, perihelion advance of Mercury, and the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion. Gravitational-wave damping has been detected in binary pulsar systems, providing further tests of general relativity. The article concludes by discussing the future of experimental gravitation, focusing on strong-field effects and the search for new physics beyond the standard model.The article reviews the status of experimental tests of general relativity and the theoretical frameworks used to analyze them. It highlights the well-supported Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP), which includes the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and the stronger requirements of local Lorentz invariance (LLI) and local position invariance (LPI). High-precision tests of these principles have been conducted, such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of special relativity, and the gravitational redshift experiment. The article also discusses ongoing tests aimed at detecting new interactions from unification or quantum gravity. At the post-Newtonian level, tests of general relativity have reached high precision, including light deflection, Shapiro time delay, perihelion advance of Mercury, and the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion. Gravitational-wave damping has been detected in binary pulsar systems, providing further tests of general relativity. The article concludes by discussing the future of experimental gravitation, focusing on strong-field effects and the search for new physics beyond the standard model.
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