The chapter discusses the contemporary theory of metaphor, which challenges classical theories that view metaphor as a separate realm of poetic or figurative language. The author, George Lakoff, argues that metaphors are not just linguistic expressions but conceptual mappings that underlie everyday and poetic language. These mappings are part of our conceptual system and are used to reason and understand the world. The chapter highlights the importance of these mappings in understanding concepts like time, states, change, causation, and purpose. Lakoff provides examples such as "love is a journey" to illustrate how these mappings work and how they can be extended to novel contexts. The chapter also introduces the Invariance Principle, which states that metaphorical mappings preserve the cognitive topology of the source domain while fitting into the inherent structure of the target domain. This principle explains why certain mappings are possible and why they have specific entailments. The chapter concludes by discussing the event structure metaphor, which maps various aspects of event structure to spatial, motion, and force concepts.The chapter discusses the contemporary theory of metaphor, which challenges classical theories that view metaphor as a separate realm of poetic or figurative language. The author, George Lakoff, argues that metaphors are not just linguistic expressions but conceptual mappings that underlie everyday and poetic language. These mappings are part of our conceptual system and are used to reason and understand the world. The chapter highlights the importance of these mappings in understanding concepts like time, states, change, causation, and purpose. Lakoff provides examples such as "love is a journey" to illustrate how these mappings work and how they can be extended to novel contexts. The chapter also introduces the Invariance Principle, which states that metaphorical mappings preserve the cognitive topology of the source domain while fitting into the inherent structure of the target domain. This principle explains why certain mappings are possible and why they have specific entailments. The chapter concludes by discussing the event structure metaphor, which maps various aspects of event structure to spatial, motion, and force concepts.