The article discusses current and promising oral delivery methods for protein- and peptide-based drugs (PPDs), which are typically administered parenterally due to their poor oral bioavailability. Oral delivery is preferred by patients for compliance, but PPDs face challenges such as instability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, limited permeability across physiological barriers, and difficulty in formulation. Researchers are exploring various methods to enhance oral absorption, including nanoparticles, transport channels, permeation enhancers, chemical modifications, hydrogels, microneedles, microemulsions, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, and cell-penetrating peptides. These methods aim to improve the stability, permeability, and bioavailability of PPDs for effective oral delivery. The review highlights the advantages of oral administration, such as patient preference and cost savings, but also discusses the challenges, including pH variations, digestive enzymes, mucus layers, and epithelial barriers. Potential solutions include the use of exosomes, liposomes, transport channels, permeation enhancers, peptide cyclization, hydrogels, microneedles, microemulsions, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, and cell-penetrating peptides. These approaches are being tested to overcome the barriers to oral delivery of PPDs. Examples of currently available oral PPDs include cyclosporine, semaglutide, and octreotide. Cyclosporine is used for immunosuppression, semaglutide for diabetes, and octreotide for hormone-related conditions. Research continues to develop more effective oral formulations, such as insulin, which is currently not available in oral form due to low bioavailability and high production costs. Alternative delivery methods, such as pulmonary administration, are also being explored. The review concludes that while oral delivery of PPDs presents significant challenges, ongoing research is paving the way for more effective and patient-friendly therapeutic options.The article discusses current and promising oral delivery methods for protein- and peptide-based drugs (PPDs), which are typically administered parenterally due to their poor oral bioavailability. Oral delivery is preferred by patients for compliance, but PPDs face challenges such as instability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, limited permeability across physiological barriers, and difficulty in formulation. Researchers are exploring various methods to enhance oral absorption, including nanoparticles, transport channels, permeation enhancers, chemical modifications, hydrogels, microneedles, microemulsions, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, and cell-penetrating peptides. These methods aim to improve the stability, permeability, and bioavailability of PPDs for effective oral delivery. The review highlights the advantages of oral administration, such as patient preference and cost savings, but also discusses the challenges, including pH variations, digestive enzymes, mucus layers, and epithelial barriers. Potential solutions include the use of exosomes, liposomes, transport channels, permeation enhancers, peptide cyclization, hydrogels, microneedles, microemulsions, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, and cell-penetrating peptides. These approaches are being tested to overcome the barriers to oral delivery of PPDs. Examples of currently available oral PPDs include cyclosporine, semaglutide, and octreotide. Cyclosporine is used for immunosuppression, semaglutide for diabetes, and octreotide for hormone-related conditions. Research continues to develop more effective oral formulations, such as insulin, which is currently not available in oral form due to low bioavailability and high production costs. Alternative delivery methods, such as pulmonary administration, are also being explored. The review concludes that while oral delivery of PPDs presents significant challenges, ongoing research is paving the way for more effective and patient-friendly therapeutic options.