This review discusses Charles Darwin's book "The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex." It highlights the book's popularity and its impact on laymen, but notes that it does not significantly enhance Darwin's reputation. The review criticizes the field of anthropology for its inexact thinking and the tendency of younger workers to confuse advocacy with knowledge. It also addresses the theory of natural selection, particularly the origin of conscience, and argues that an innate morality is incompatible with the theory. The review points out that the moral sense is not fundamentally identical with social instincts but is a product of intelligence and sociality. It critiques Darwin's distinction between "general good" and "general happiness" and his misinterpretation of utilitarian philosophy. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of intellectual cultivation and the need for a balanced approach to moral and social issues.This review discusses Charles Darwin's book "The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex." It highlights the book's popularity and its impact on laymen, but notes that it does not significantly enhance Darwin's reputation. The review criticizes the field of anthropology for its inexact thinking and the tendency of younger workers to confuse advocacy with knowledge. It also addresses the theory of natural selection, particularly the origin of conscience, and argues that an innate morality is incompatible with the theory. The review points out that the moral sense is not fundamentally identical with social instincts but is a product of intelligence and sociality. It critiques Darwin's distinction between "general good" and "general happiness" and his misinterpretation of utilitarian philosophy. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of intellectual cultivation and the need for a balanced approach to moral and social issues.