This paper by Wanda J. Orlikowski reconsiders the concept of technology in organizations, proposing a new theoretical model called the "structurational model of technology." The author critiques previous research that either views technology as an objective, external force or as a product of human action, arguing that both perspectives are incomplete. The structurational model integrates these views, recognizing that technology is both a material artifact and a social construct. It posits that technology is created and changed by human action but also assumes structural properties, becoming institutionalized over time. The model emphasizes the duality of technology, where it can be both a fixed object and a product of human interpretation and action. The interpretive flexibility of technology allows users to modify it during its use, influencing its effects on organizational structures and practices. The model includes components such as human agents, technology, and institutional properties, highlighting the reciprocal interaction between these elements. The paper discusses the implications of the structurational model for understanding the limits and opportunities of human choice, technology development, and organizational design.This paper by Wanda J. Orlikowski reconsiders the concept of technology in organizations, proposing a new theoretical model called the "structurational model of technology." The author critiques previous research that either views technology as an objective, external force or as a product of human action, arguing that both perspectives are incomplete. The structurational model integrates these views, recognizing that technology is both a material artifact and a social construct. It posits that technology is created and changed by human action but also assumes structural properties, becoming institutionalized over time. The model emphasizes the duality of technology, where it can be both a fixed object and a product of human interpretation and action. The interpretive flexibility of technology allows users to modify it during its use, influencing its effects on organizational structures and practices. The model includes components such as human agents, technology, and institutional properties, highlighting the reciprocal interaction between these elements. The paper discusses the implications of the structurational model for understanding the limits and opportunities of human choice, technology development, and organizational design.